Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing cause of chronic liver disease worldwide that can manifest as nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Compared with NAFL, NASH poses a substantially higher risk of progression to advanced liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given the lack of directed pharmacological therapies and the complex, multifactorial disease aetiology and pathology, NAFLD is expected to become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing gastrointestinal disease, often affecting young people during their fertile years. The chronic character of IBD means that lifelong medical treatment is often required. As such, it is not surprising that questions often arise about fertility and pregnancy in patients with IBD. The most important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in IBD patients is the presence of disease activity during pregnancy. Indeed, negative pregnancy outcomes (e.g. spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery and low birth weight) are associated with disease activity at the time of conception and during pregnancy.

The introduction and general use of new immunosuppressive agents, including biologic agents and small molecules, has revolutionised the therapeutic management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Such immunosuppression may expose patients to opportunistic infections, which can be challenging to recognise. These infections are crucial due to their association with morbidity or mortality and the challenges regarding effective treatment. New evidence in this field and vaccination strategies for immunosuppressed IBD patients led to updated European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) guidelines in 2021. Here we discuss the errors to avoid when managing the risk of opportunistic infections in IBD patients. The discussion is based on evidence, whenever possible, and our clinical experience.

Abdominal CT (computed tomography) is among the most common imaging tests performed for the investigation of acute abdominal pathology. There are many pitfalls that clinicians and radiologists should be aware of when requesting these studies and interpreting the findings. This article covers ten mistakes frequently made with abdominal CT, focusing on gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary pathology. These mistakes and their discussions are based on the available literature where possible and thereafter on our clinical experience.