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Mistakes in paediatric functional constipation diagnosis and treatment and how to avoid them

Marc Benninga, Ilan Koppen, fleur de lorijn, Max Nieuwdorp

Summary

AI Generated

Functional constipation, defined as constipation without an organic cause, affects approximately 9.5% of children and adolescents worldwide and accounts for about 95% of paediatric constipation cases.

  • Approximately 95% of children with constipation have no identifiable organic cause and are classified as having functional constipation.
  • The worldwide prevalence of functional constipation in children and adolescents is 9.5%.
  • Constipation in children may present with infrequent bowel movements, faecal incontinence, hard or large stools, painful defaecation, or abdominal pain.
  • This material is most relevant to paediatricians and gastroenterologists managing constipation in children.
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Thanks for your feedback.

This summary was generated by an AI large language model based on the content transcript. It is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for clinical judgment. Always rely on your professional expertise and the full clinical context when making clinical decisions.

References

Mistakes
References
Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8 Mistake 9 Mistake 10
1.
Koppen IJN, Vriesman MH, Saps M, et al. Prevalence of functional defecation disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Pediatrics 2018; 198: 121-30.e6 [Link]
2.
Choung RS, Shah ND, Chitkara D, et al. Direct medical costs of constipation from childhood to early adulthood: A population-based birth cohort study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52: 47-54 [Link]
3.
Liem O, Harman J, Benninga M, et al. Health utilization and cost impact of childhood constipation in the united states. J Pediatr 2009; 154: 258-262 [Link]
4.
Park R, Mikami S, LeClair J, et al. Inpatient burden of childhood functional gi disorders in the USA: An analysis of national trends in the USA from 1997 to 2009. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27: 684-692 [Link]
5.
Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 258-74 [Link]
6.
Koppen IJ, Nurko S, Saps M, et al. The pediatric rome iv criteria: What's new? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11: 193-201 [Link]
7.
Tabbers MM, Di Lorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2014; 58: 258-74 [Link]
8.
Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, Thapar N, et al. Myths and misconceptions about childhood constipation. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182: 1447-58 [Link]
9.
Bouzios I, Chouliaras G, Chrousos GP, et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in greek children based on rome iii criteria: Identifying the child at risk. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29: e12951 [Link]
10.
Lewis ML, Palsson OS, Whitehead WE, et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2016; 177: 39-43.e3 [Link]
11.
Hasosah M, Alsahafi F, Alghiribi A, et al. Prevalence, characterization and risk factors of chronic constipation among saudi children: A cross-sectional study International Journal of Advanced Research 2018; 6: 1319-1324 [Link]
12.
Ip KS, Lee WT, Chan JS, et al. A community-based study of the prevalence of constipation in young children and the role of dietary fibre. Hong Kong Med J 2005; 11: 431-436 [Link]
13.
Wu TC, Chen LK, Pan WH, et al. Constipation in taiwan elementary school students: A nationwide survey. J Chin Med Assoc 2011; 74: 57-61 [Link]
14.
Udoh EE, Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for functional constipation in adolescent nigerians. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102: 841-844 [Link]
15.
Lu PL, Velasco-Benítez CA and Saps M. Sex, age, and prevalence of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and constipation in colombia: A population-based study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: e137-e41 [Link]
16.
Chogle A, Velasco-Benitez CA, Koppen IJ, et al. A population-based study on the epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in young children. J Pediatr 2016; 179: 139-43.e1 [Link]
17.
Berger MY, Tabbers MM, Kurver MJ, et al. Value of abdominal radiography, colonic transit time, and rectal ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of idiopathic constipation in children: A systematic review. J Pediatr 2012; 161: 44-50.e1-2 [Link]
18.
Benninga MA, Tabbers MM and van Rijn RR. How to use a plain abdominal radiograph in children with functional defecation disorders. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2016; 101: 187-193 [Link]
19.
Yallanki N, Small-Harary L, Morganstern J, et al. Inter and intraobserver variation in interpretation of fecal loading on abdominal radiographs. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76: 295-299 [Link]
20.
Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, et al. Functional disorders: Children and adolescents. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 1456-1468 [Link]
21.
Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: Neonate/toddler. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 1443-1455.e2 [Link]
22.
Pradhan S and Jagadisan B. Yield and examiner dependence of digital rectal examination in detecting impaction in pediatric functional constipation. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2018; 67: 570-5. [Link]
23.
Orenstein SR and Wald A. Pediatric rectal exam: Why, when, and how. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2016; 18: 4 [Link]
24.
Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 258-274 [Link]
25.
Bekkali NL, van den Berg MM, Dijkgraaf MG, et al. Rectal fecal impaction treatment in childhood constipation: Enemas versus high doses oral peg. Pediatrics 2009; 124: e1108-1115 [Link]
26.
Morais MB, Vítolo MR, Aguirre AN, et al. Measurement of low dietary fiber intake as a risk factor for chronic constipation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 29: 132-135 [Link]
27.
Roma E, Adamidis D, Nikolara R, et al. Diet and chronic constipation in children: The role of fiber. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28: 169-174 [Link]
28.
Lee WT, Ip KS, Chan JS, et al. Increased prevalence of constipation in pre-school children is attributable to under-consumption of plant foods: A community-based study. J Paediatr Child Health 2008; 44: 170-175 [Link]
29.
Korczak R, Kamil A, Fleige L, et al. Dietary fiber and digestive health in children. Nutr Rev 2017; 75: 241-259 [Link]
30.
Salvatore S, Battigaglia MS, Murone E, et al. Dietary fibers in healthy children and in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: A practical guide. Nutrients 2023; 15: 2208 [Link]
31.
Bardisa-Ezcurra L, Ullman R and Gordon J. Diagnosis and management of idiopathic childhood constipation: Summary of nice guidance. Bmj 2010; 340: c2585 [Link]
32.
Hojsak I, Benninga MA, Hauser B, et al. Benefits of dietary fibre for children in health and disease. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107: 973-979 [Link]
33.
Axelrod CH and Saps M. The role of fiber in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. Nutrients 2018; 10: 1650 [Link]
34.
Piccoli de Mello P, Eifer DA and Daniel de Mello E. Use of fibers in childhood constipation treatment: Systematic review with meta-analysis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94: 460-470 [Link]
35.
Wegh CAM, Baaleman DF, Tabbers MM, et al. Nonpharmacologic treatment for children with functional constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2022; 240: 136-149.e5 [Link]
36.
Wegh CAM, Schoterman MHC, Vaughan EE, et al. The effect of fiber and prebiotics on children's gastrointestinal disorders and microbiome. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11: 1031-1045 [Link]
37.
Todhunter-Brown A, Booth L, Campbell P, et al. Strategies used for childhood chronic functional constipation: The success evidence synthesis. Health Technol Assess 2024; 28: 1-266. [Link]
38.
Fei D, Mengyang H, Yifei D, et al. Efficacy in bowel movement and change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipation patients treated with probiotics-containing products: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14: e074557. [Link]
39.
Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Fragkos KC, et al. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 1075-84. 20140806. [Link]
40.
Miller LE, Zimmermann AK and Ouwehand AC. Contemporary meta-analysis of short-term probiotic consumption on gastrointestinal transit. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22: 5122-31. [Link]
41.
Koppen IJN, De Meij TGJ and Benninga MA. Investigating probiotics in the management of childhood functional constipation: A never-ending story? Indian Pediatr 2023 20230320. [Link]
42.
Kwiatkowska M and Krogulska A. The significance of the gut microbiome in children with functional constipation. Adv Clin Exp Med 2021; 30: 471-80. [Link]
43.
Wallace C, Sinopoulou V, Gordon M, et al. Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 3: Cd014257. 20220329. [Link]
44.
de Geus A, Koppen IJN, Flint RB, et al. An update of pharmacological management in children with functional constipation. Paediatr Drugs 2023; 25: 343-58. 20230320. [Link]
45.
Felt B, Wise CG, Olson A, et al. Guideline for the management of pediatric idiopathic constipation and soiling. Multidisciplinary team from the university of michigan medical center in ann arbor. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153: 380-385 [Link]
46.
Bekkali NLH, Hoekman DR, Liem O, et al. Polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes versus polyethylene glycol 4000 for constipation: A randomized, controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66: 10-15 [Link]
47.
Rachel H, Griffith AF, Teague WJ, et al. Polyethylene glycol dosing for constipation in children younger than 24 months: A systematic review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71: 171-175 [Link]
48.
Roy D, Akriche F, Amlani B, et al. Utilisation and safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes in children under 2 years: A retrospective cohort. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72: 683-689 [Link]
49.
Strisciuglio C, Coppola V, Russo M, et al. Promelaxin microenemas are non-inferior to oral polyethylene glycol for the treatment of functional constipation in young children: A randomized clinical trial. Front Pediatr 2021; 9: 753938 [Link]
50.
Bonilla S, Nurko S and Rodriguez L. Long-term use of bisacodyl in pediatric functional constipation refractory to conventional therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71: 288-291 [Link]
51.
Bouchoucha M, Amand C, De Fer BB, et al. A retrospective real-world observational study assessing the evolution of bisacodyl prescriptions in patients with constipation during long-term treatment. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2023; 10: 249-261 [Link]
52.
Noergaard M, Traerup Andersen J, Jimenez-Solem E, et al. Long term treatment with stimulant laxatives - clinical evidence for effectiveness and safety? Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54: 27-34 [Link]
53.
Santos-Jasso KA, Arredondo-García JL, Maza-Vallejos J, et al. Effectiveness of senna vs polyethylene glycol as laxative therapy in children with constipation related to anorectal malformation. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52: 84-88 [Link]
54.
Vilanova-Sanchez A, Gasior AC, Toocheck N, et al. Are senna based laxatives safe when used as long term treatment for constipation in children? J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53: 722-727 [Link]
55.
DiMatteo MR. Variations in patients' adherence to medical recommendations: A quantitative review of 50 years of research. Med Care 2004; 42: 200-209 [Link]
56.
Reeves PT, Jack BO, Rogers PL, et al. The uniformed services constipation action plan: An effective tool for the management of children with functional constipation. J Pediatr 2023; 253: 46-54.e1 [Link]
57.
Koppen IJN, van Wassenaer EA, Barendsen RW, et al. Adherence to polyethylene glycol treatment in children with functional constipation is associated with parental illness perceptions, satisfaction with treatment, and perceived treatment convenience. J Pediatr 2018; 199: 132-139.e1 [Link]
58.
Steiner SA, Torres MR, Penna FJ, et al. Chronic functional constipation in children: Adherence and factors associated with drug treatment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 598-602 [Link]
59.
Krassas G, Cranswick N, Katelaris P, et al. Polyethylene glycols with or without electrolytes for constipation in children: A network meta-analysis. Pediatrics & Therapeutics 2018; 8: 1-10 [Link]
60.
Santucci NR, Rein LE, van Tilburg MA, et al. Self-efficacy in children with functional constipation is associated with treatment success. J Pediatr 2020; 216: 19-24 [Link]
61.
Koppen IJ, Lammers LA, Benninga MA, et al. Management of functional constipation in children: Therapy in practice. Paediatr Drugs 2015; 17: 349-360 [Link]
62.
Mosiello G, Marshall D, Rolle U, et al. Consensus review of best practice of transanal irrigation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: 343-352 [Link]
63.
Bokova E, Svetanoff WJ, Rosen JM, et al. State of the art bowel management for pediatric colorectal problems: Functional constipation. Children (Basel) 2023; 10: 1078 [Link]
64.
Baaleman DF, Wegh CAM, Hoogveld MTA, Benninga MA, Koppen IJN. Transanal Irrigation in Children: Treatment Success, Quality of Life, Adherence, Patient Experience, and Independence. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022;75: 166-172 [Link]
65.
Koppen IJ, Kuizenga-Wessel S, Voogt HW, Voskeuil ME, Benninga MA. Transanal Irrigation in the Treatment of Children With Intractable Functional Constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 64: 225-259 [Link]

Abstract

Constipation is a bothersome problem for many children. It may present with any of the following symptoms; infrequent bowel movements, faecal incontinence, hard or large stools, painful defaecation and abdominal pain. No organic cause is found in approximately 95% of children with constipation—these children are considered to suffer from functional constipation. Functional constipation is a common disorder in children and adolescents, with a worldwide prevalence of 9.5%!

Topics

Neurogastroenterology & Motility Paediatrics

Published

2024

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UEG Mistakes In Articles
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Mistakes in faecal incontinence management and how to avoid them

Kestutis Adamonis, Sadé L Assmann, Stéphanie O Breukink

Summary

AI Generated

Summary is not available for this content yet.

Download PDF

Was this helpful?

Thanks for your feedback.

This summary was generated by an AI large language model based on the content transcript. It is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for clinical judgment. Always rely on your professional expertise and the full clinical context when making clinical decisions.

References

Mistakes
References
Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8 Mistake 9 Mistake 10
1.
Koppen IJN, Vriesman MH, Saps M, et al. Prevalence of functional defecation disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Pediatrics 2018; 198: 121-30.e6 [Link]
2.
Choung RS, Shah ND, Chitkara D, et al. Direct medical costs of constipation from childhood to early adulthood: A population-based birth cohort study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52: 47-54 [Link]
3.
Liem O, Harman J, Benninga M, et al. Health utilization and cost impact of childhood constipation in the united states. J Pediatr 2009; 154: 258-262 [Link]
4.
Park R, Mikami S, LeClair J, et al. Inpatient burden of childhood functional gi disorders in the USA: An analysis of national trends in the USA from 1997 to 2009. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27: 684-692 [Link]
5.
Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 258-74 [Link]
6.
Koppen IJ, Nurko S, Saps M, et al. The pediatric rome iv criteria: What's new? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11: 193-201 [Link]
7.
Tabbers MM, Di Lorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2014; 58: 258-74 [Link]
8.
Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, Thapar N, et al. Myths and misconceptions about childhood constipation. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182: 1447-58 [Link]
9.
Bouzios I, Chouliaras G, Chrousos GP, et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in greek children based on rome iii criteria: Identifying the child at risk. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29: e12951 [Link]
10.
Lewis ML, Palsson OS, Whitehead WE, et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2016; 177: 39-43.e3 [Link]
11.
Hasosah M, Alsahafi F, Alghiribi A, et al. Prevalence, characterization and risk factors of chronic constipation among saudi children: A cross-sectional study International Journal of Advanced Research 2018; 6: 1319-1324 [Link]
12.
Ip KS, Lee WT, Chan JS, et al. A community-based study of the prevalence of constipation in young children and the role of dietary fibre. Hong Kong Med J 2005; 11: 431-436 [Link]
13.
Wu TC, Chen LK, Pan WH, et al. Constipation in taiwan elementary school students: A nationwide survey. J Chin Med Assoc 2011; 74: 57-61 [Link]
14.
Udoh EE, Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for functional constipation in adolescent nigerians. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102: 841-844 [Link]
15.
Lu PL, Velasco-Benítez CA and Saps M. Sex, age, and prevalence of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and constipation in colombia: A population-based study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: e137-e41 [Link]
16.
Chogle A, Velasco-Benitez CA, Koppen IJ, et al. A population-based study on the epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in young children. J Pediatr 2016; 179: 139-43.e1 [Link]
17.
Berger MY, Tabbers MM, Kurver MJ, et al. Value of abdominal radiography, colonic transit time, and rectal ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of idiopathic constipation in children: A systematic review. J Pediatr 2012; 161: 44-50.e1-2 [Link]
18.
Benninga MA, Tabbers MM and van Rijn RR. How to use a plain abdominal radiograph in children with functional defecation disorders. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2016; 101: 187-193 [Link]
19.
Yallanki N, Small-Harary L, Morganstern J, et al. Inter and intraobserver variation in interpretation of fecal loading on abdominal radiographs. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76: 295-299 [Link]
20.
Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, et al. Functional disorders: Children and adolescents. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 1456-1468 [Link]
21.
Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: Neonate/toddler. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 1443-1455.e2 [Link]
22.
Pradhan S and Jagadisan B. Yield and examiner dependence of digital rectal examination in detecting impaction in pediatric functional constipation. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2018; 67: 570-5. [Link]
23.
Orenstein SR and Wald A. Pediatric rectal exam: Why, when, and how. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2016; 18: 4 [Link]
24.
Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 258-274 [Link]
25.
Bekkali NL, van den Berg MM, Dijkgraaf MG, et al. Rectal fecal impaction treatment in childhood constipation: Enemas versus high doses oral peg. Pediatrics 2009; 124: e1108-1115 [Link]
26.
Morais MB, Vítolo MR, Aguirre AN, et al. Measurement of low dietary fiber intake as a risk factor for chronic constipation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 29: 132-135 [Link]
27.
Roma E, Adamidis D, Nikolara R, et al. Diet and chronic constipation in children: The role of fiber. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28: 169-174 [Link]
28.
Lee WT, Ip KS, Chan JS, et al. Increased prevalence of constipation in pre-school children is attributable to under-consumption of plant foods: A community-based study. J Paediatr Child Health 2008; 44: 170-175 [Link]
29.
Korczak R, Kamil A, Fleige L, et al. Dietary fiber and digestive health in children. Nutr Rev 2017; 75: 241-259 [Link]
30.
Salvatore S, Battigaglia MS, Murone E, et al. Dietary fibers in healthy children and in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: A practical guide. Nutrients 2023; 15: 2208 [Link]
31.
Bardisa-Ezcurra L, Ullman R and Gordon J. Diagnosis and management of idiopathic childhood constipation: Summary of nice guidance. Bmj 2010; 340: c2585 [Link]
32.
Hojsak I, Benninga MA, Hauser B, et al. Benefits of dietary fibre for children in health and disease. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107: 973-979 [Link]
33.
Axelrod CH and Saps M. The role of fiber in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. Nutrients 2018; 10: 1650 [Link]
34.
Piccoli de Mello P, Eifer DA and Daniel de Mello E. Use of fibers in childhood constipation treatment: Systematic review with meta-analysis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94: 460-470 [Link]
35.
Wegh CAM, Baaleman DF, Tabbers MM, et al. Nonpharmacologic treatment for children with functional constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2022; 240: 136-149.e5 [Link]
36.
Wegh CAM, Schoterman MHC, Vaughan EE, et al. The effect of fiber and prebiotics on children's gastrointestinal disorders and microbiome. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11: 1031-1045 [Link]
37.
Todhunter-Brown A, Booth L, Campbell P, et al. Strategies used for childhood chronic functional constipation: The success evidence synthesis. Health Technol Assess 2024; 28: 1-266. [Link]
38.
Fei D, Mengyang H, Yifei D, et al. Efficacy in bowel movement and change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipation patients treated with probiotics-containing products: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14: e074557. [Link]
39.
Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Fragkos KC, et al. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 1075-84. 20140806. [Link]
40.
Miller LE, Zimmermann AK and Ouwehand AC. Contemporary meta-analysis of short-term probiotic consumption on gastrointestinal transit. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22: 5122-31. [Link]
41.
Koppen IJN, De Meij TGJ and Benninga MA. Investigating probiotics in the management of childhood functional constipation: A never-ending story? Indian Pediatr 2023 20230320. [Link]
42.
Kwiatkowska M and Krogulska A. The significance of the gut microbiome in children with functional constipation. Adv Clin Exp Med 2021; 30: 471-80. [Link]
43.
Wallace C, Sinopoulou V, Gordon M, et al. Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 3: Cd014257. 20220329. [Link]
44.
de Geus A, Koppen IJN, Flint RB, et al. An update of pharmacological management in children with functional constipation. Paediatr Drugs 2023; 25: 343-58. 20230320. [Link]
45.
Felt B, Wise CG, Olson A, et al. Guideline for the management of pediatric idiopathic constipation and soiling. Multidisciplinary team from the university of michigan medical center in ann arbor. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153: 380-385 [Link]
46.
Bekkali NLH, Hoekman DR, Liem O, et al. Polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes versus polyethylene glycol 4000 for constipation: A randomized, controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66: 10-15 [Link]
47.
Rachel H, Griffith AF, Teague WJ, et al. Polyethylene glycol dosing for constipation in children younger than 24 months: A systematic review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71: 171-175 [Link]
48.
Roy D, Akriche F, Amlani B, et al. Utilisation and safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes in children under 2 years: A retrospective cohort. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72: 683-689 [Link]
49.
Strisciuglio C, Coppola V, Russo M, et al. Promelaxin microenemas are non-inferior to oral polyethylene glycol for the treatment of functional constipation in young children: A randomized clinical trial. Front Pediatr 2021; 9: 753938 [Link]
50.
Bonilla S, Nurko S and Rodriguez L. Long-term use of bisacodyl in pediatric functional constipation refractory to conventional therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71: 288-291 [Link]
51.
Bouchoucha M, Amand C, De Fer BB, et al. A retrospective real-world observational study assessing the evolution of bisacodyl prescriptions in patients with constipation during long-term treatment. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2023; 10: 249-261 [Link]
52.
Noergaard M, Traerup Andersen J, Jimenez-Solem E, et al. Long term treatment with stimulant laxatives - clinical evidence for effectiveness and safety? Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54: 27-34 [Link]
53.
Santos-Jasso KA, Arredondo-García JL, Maza-Vallejos J, et al. Effectiveness of senna vs polyethylene glycol as laxative therapy in children with constipation related to anorectal malformation. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52: 84-88 [Link]
54.
Vilanova-Sanchez A, Gasior AC, Toocheck N, et al. Are senna based laxatives safe when used as long term treatment for constipation in children? J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53: 722-727 [Link]
55.
DiMatteo MR. Variations in patients' adherence to medical recommendations: A quantitative review of 50 years of research. Med Care 2004; 42: 200-209 [Link]
56.
Reeves PT, Jack BO, Rogers PL, et al. The uniformed services constipation action plan: An effective tool for the management of children with functional constipation. J Pediatr 2023; 253: 46-54.e1 [Link]
57.
Koppen IJN, van Wassenaer EA, Barendsen RW, et al. Adherence to polyethylene glycol treatment in children with functional constipation is associated with parental illness perceptions, satisfaction with treatment, and perceived treatment convenience. J Pediatr 2018; 199: 132-139.e1 [Link]
58.
Steiner SA, Torres MR, Penna FJ, et al. Chronic functional constipation in children: Adherence and factors associated with drug treatment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 598-602 [Link]
59.
Krassas G, Cranswick N, Katelaris P, et al. Polyethylene glycols with or without electrolytes for constipation in children: A network meta-analysis. Pediatrics & Therapeutics 2018; 8: 1-10 [Link]
60.
Santucci NR, Rein LE, van Tilburg MA, et al. Self-efficacy in children with functional constipation is associated with treatment success. J Pediatr 2020; 216: 19-24 [Link]
61.
Koppen IJ, Lammers LA, Benninga MA, et al. Management of functional constipation in children: Therapy in practice. Paediatr Drugs 2015; 17: 349-360 [Link]
62.
Mosiello G, Marshall D, Rolle U, et al. Consensus review of best practice of transanal irrigation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: 343-352 [Link]
63.
Bokova E, Svetanoff WJ, Rosen JM, et al. State of the art bowel management for pediatric colorectal problems: Functional constipation. Children (Basel) 2023; 10: 1078 [Link]
64.
Baaleman DF, Wegh CAM, Hoogveld MTA, Benninga MA, Koppen IJN. Transanal Irrigation in Children: Treatment Success, Quality of Life, Adherence, Patient Experience, and Independence. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022;75: 166-172 [Link]
65.
Koppen IJ, Kuizenga-Wessel S, Voogt HW, Voskeuil ME, Benninga MA. Transanal Irrigation in the Treatment of Children With Intractable Functional Constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 64: 225-259 [Link]

Abstract

People with faecal incontinence (FI) suffer from chronic involuntary loss of bowel content. Patients often experience embarrassment, shame, low self-esteem, and depression, affecting their quality of life. Treatment approaches vary, and less invasive options should be tried before considering more invasive treatments. It's important to consider contributing factors, physician and patient preferences, and available procedures. This article discusses common mistakes in treating faecal incontinence and how to avoid them, based on evidence and clinical experience.

Topics

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Citation

Assmann S L, Breukink S O and Keszthelyi D. Mistakes in faecal incontinence management and how to avoid them. UEG Education 2023; 23: 1-3.

Published

2023

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Gut brain axis

Jutta Keller 1

Affiliations

1 Israelitic Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany

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Abstract

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Published

2024

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Functional bowel disorders with diarrhoea: UEG and ESNM guidelines

Iago Rodríguez-Lago 1, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino 2

Affiliations

1 Hospital Universitario de Galdakao, Bilbao, Spain

2 Division of Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Italy

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Abstract

Topics

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Published

2022

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UEG Mistakes In Articles
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Mistakes in Familial Mediterranean Fever and how to avoid them

Manik Gemilyan, Gagik Hakobyan

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This summary was generated by an AI large language model based on the content transcript. It is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for clinical judgment. Always rely on your professional expertise and the full clinical context when making clinical decisions.

References

Mistakes
References
Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8 Mistake 9 Mistake 10
1.
Koppen IJN, Vriesman MH, Saps M, et al. Prevalence of functional defecation disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Pediatrics 2018; 198: 121-30.e6 [Link]
2.
Choung RS, Shah ND, Chitkara D, et al. Direct medical costs of constipation from childhood to early adulthood: A population-based birth cohort study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52: 47-54 [Link]
3.
Liem O, Harman J, Benninga M, et al. Health utilization and cost impact of childhood constipation in the united states. J Pediatr 2009; 154: 258-262 [Link]
4.
Park R, Mikami S, LeClair J, et al. Inpatient burden of childhood functional gi disorders in the USA: An analysis of national trends in the USA from 1997 to 2009. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27: 684-692 [Link]
5.
Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 258-74 [Link]
6.
Koppen IJ, Nurko S, Saps M, et al. The pediatric rome iv criteria: What's new? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11: 193-201 [Link]
7.
Tabbers MM, Di Lorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2014; 58: 258-74 [Link]
8.
Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, Thapar N, et al. Myths and misconceptions about childhood constipation. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182: 1447-58 [Link]
9.
Bouzios I, Chouliaras G, Chrousos GP, et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in greek children based on rome iii criteria: Identifying the child at risk. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29: e12951 [Link]
10.
Lewis ML, Palsson OS, Whitehead WE, et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2016; 177: 39-43.e3 [Link]
11.
Hasosah M, Alsahafi F, Alghiribi A, et al. Prevalence, characterization and risk factors of chronic constipation among saudi children: A cross-sectional study International Journal of Advanced Research 2018; 6: 1319-1324 [Link]
12.
Ip KS, Lee WT, Chan JS, et al. A community-based study of the prevalence of constipation in young children and the role of dietary fibre. Hong Kong Med J 2005; 11: 431-436 [Link]
13.
Wu TC, Chen LK, Pan WH, et al. Constipation in taiwan elementary school students: A nationwide survey. J Chin Med Assoc 2011; 74: 57-61 [Link]
14.
Udoh EE, Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for functional constipation in adolescent nigerians. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102: 841-844 [Link]
15.
Lu PL, Velasco-Benítez CA and Saps M. Sex, age, and prevalence of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and constipation in colombia: A population-based study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: e137-e41 [Link]
16.
Chogle A, Velasco-Benitez CA, Koppen IJ, et al. A population-based study on the epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in young children. J Pediatr 2016; 179: 139-43.e1 [Link]
17.
Berger MY, Tabbers MM, Kurver MJ, et al. Value of abdominal radiography, colonic transit time, and rectal ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of idiopathic constipation in children: A systematic review. J Pediatr 2012; 161: 44-50.e1-2 [Link]
18.
Benninga MA, Tabbers MM and van Rijn RR. How to use a plain abdominal radiograph in children with functional defecation disorders. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2016; 101: 187-193 [Link]
19.
Yallanki N, Small-Harary L, Morganstern J, et al. Inter and intraobserver variation in interpretation of fecal loading on abdominal radiographs. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76: 295-299 [Link]
20.
Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, et al. Functional disorders: Children and adolescents. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 1456-1468 [Link]
21.
Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: Neonate/toddler. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 1443-1455.e2 [Link]
22.
Pradhan S and Jagadisan B. Yield and examiner dependence of digital rectal examination in detecting impaction in pediatric functional constipation. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2018; 67: 570-5. [Link]
23.
Orenstein SR and Wald A. Pediatric rectal exam: Why, when, and how. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2016; 18: 4 [Link]
24.
Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 258-274 [Link]
25.
Bekkali NL, van den Berg MM, Dijkgraaf MG, et al. Rectal fecal impaction treatment in childhood constipation: Enemas versus high doses oral peg. Pediatrics 2009; 124: e1108-1115 [Link]
26.
Morais MB, Vítolo MR, Aguirre AN, et al. Measurement of low dietary fiber intake as a risk factor for chronic constipation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 29: 132-135 [Link]
27.
Roma E, Adamidis D, Nikolara R, et al. Diet and chronic constipation in children: The role of fiber. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28: 169-174 [Link]
28.
Lee WT, Ip KS, Chan JS, et al. Increased prevalence of constipation in pre-school children is attributable to under-consumption of plant foods: A community-based study. J Paediatr Child Health 2008; 44: 170-175 [Link]
29.
Korczak R, Kamil A, Fleige L, et al. Dietary fiber and digestive health in children. Nutr Rev 2017; 75: 241-259 [Link]
30.
Salvatore S, Battigaglia MS, Murone E, et al. Dietary fibers in healthy children and in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: A practical guide. Nutrients 2023; 15: 2208 [Link]
31.
Bardisa-Ezcurra L, Ullman R and Gordon J. Diagnosis and management of idiopathic childhood constipation: Summary of nice guidance. Bmj 2010; 340: c2585 [Link]
32.
Hojsak I, Benninga MA, Hauser B, et al. Benefits of dietary fibre for children in health and disease. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107: 973-979 [Link]
33.
Axelrod CH and Saps M. The role of fiber in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. Nutrients 2018; 10: 1650 [Link]
34.
Piccoli de Mello P, Eifer DA and Daniel de Mello E. Use of fibers in childhood constipation treatment: Systematic review with meta-analysis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94: 460-470 [Link]
35.
Wegh CAM, Baaleman DF, Tabbers MM, et al. Nonpharmacologic treatment for children with functional constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2022; 240: 136-149.e5 [Link]
36.
Wegh CAM, Schoterman MHC, Vaughan EE, et al. The effect of fiber and prebiotics on children's gastrointestinal disorders and microbiome. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11: 1031-1045 [Link]
37.
Todhunter-Brown A, Booth L, Campbell P, et al. Strategies used for childhood chronic functional constipation: The success evidence synthesis. Health Technol Assess 2024; 28: 1-266. [Link]
38.
Fei D, Mengyang H, Yifei D, et al. Efficacy in bowel movement and change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipation patients treated with probiotics-containing products: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14: e074557. [Link]
39.
Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Fragkos KC, et al. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 1075-84. 20140806. [Link]
40.
Miller LE, Zimmermann AK and Ouwehand AC. Contemporary meta-analysis of short-term probiotic consumption on gastrointestinal transit. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22: 5122-31. [Link]
41.
Koppen IJN, De Meij TGJ and Benninga MA. Investigating probiotics in the management of childhood functional constipation: A never-ending story? Indian Pediatr 2023 20230320. [Link]
42.
Kwiatkowska M and Krogulska A. The significance of the gut microbiome in children with functional constipation. Adv Clin Exp Med 2021; 30: 471-80. [Link]
43.
Wallace C, Sinopoulou V, Gordon M, et al. Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 3: Cd014257. 20220329. [Link]
44.
de Geus A, Koppen IJN, Flint RB, et al. An update of pharmacological management in children with functional constipation. Paediatr Drugs 2023; 25: 343-58. 20230320. [Link]
45.
Felt B, Wise CG, Olson A, et al. Guideline for the management of pediatric idiopathic constipation and soiling. Multidisciplinary team from the university of michigan medical center in ann arbor. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153: 380-385 [Link]
46.
Bekkali NLH, Hoekman DR, Liem O, et al. Polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes versus polyethylene glycol 4000 for constipation: A randomized, controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66: 10-15 [Link]
47.
Rachel H, Griffith AF, Teague WJ, et al. Polyethylene glycol dosing for constipation in children younger than 24 months: A systematic review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71: 171-175 [Link]
48.
Roy D, Akriche F, Amlani B, et al. Utilisation and safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes in children under 2 years: A retrospective cohort. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72: 683-689 [Link]
49.
Strisciuglio C, Coppola V, Russo M, et al. Promelaxin microenemas are non-inferior to oral polyethylene glycol for the treatment of functional constipation in young children: A randomized clinical trial. Front Pediatr 2021; 9: 753938 [Link]
50.
Bonilla S, Nurko S and Rodriguez L. Long-term use of bisacodyl in pediatric functional constipation refractory to conventional therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71: 288-291 [Link]
51.
Bouchoucha M, Amand C, De Fer BB, et al. A retrospective real-world observational study assessing the evolution of bisacodyl prescriptions in patients with constipation during long-term treatment. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2023; 10: 249-261 [Link]
52.
Noergaard M, Traerup Andersen J, Jimenez-Solem E, et al. Long term treatment with stimulant laxatives - clinical evidence for effectiveness and safety? Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54: 27-34 [Link]
53.
Santos-Jasso KA, Arredondo-García JL, Maza-Vallejos J, et al. Effectiveness of senna vs polyethylene glycol as laxative therapy in children with constipation related to anorectal malformation. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52: 84-88 [Link]
54.
Vilanova-Sanchez A, Gasior AC, Toocheck N, et al. Are senna based laxatives safe when used as long term treatment for constipation in children? J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53: 722-727 [Link]
55.
DiMatteo MR. Variations in patients' adherence to medical recommendations: A quantitative review of 50 years of research. Med Care 2004; 42: 200-209 [Link]
56.
Reeves PT, Jack BO, Rogers PL, et al. The uniformed services constipation action plan: An effective tool for the management of children with functional constipation. J Pediatr 2023; 253: 46-54.e1 [Link]
57.
Koppen IJN, van Wassenaer EA, Barendsen RW, et al. Adherence to polyethylene glycol treatment in children with functional constipation is associated with parental illness perceptions, satisfaction with treatment, and perceived treatment convenience. J Pediatr 2018; 199: 132-139.e1 [Link]
58.
Steiner SA, Torres MR, Penna FJ, et al. Chronic functional constipation in children: Adherence and factors associated with drug treatment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 598-602 [Link]
59.
Krassas G, Cranswick N, Katelaris P, et al. Polyethylene glycols with or without electrolytes for constipation in children: A network meta-analysis. Pediatrics & Therapeutics 2018; 8: 1-10 [Link]
60.
Santucci NR, Rein LE, van Tilburg MA, et al. Self-efficacy in children with functional constipation is associated with treatment success. J Pediatr 2020; 216: 19-24 [Link]
61.
Koppen IJ, Lammers LA, Benninga MA, et al. Management of functional constipation in children: Therapy in practice. Paediatr Drugs 2015; 17: 349-360 [Link]
62.
Mosiello G, Marshall D, Rolle U, et al. Consensus review of best practice of transanal irrigation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: 343-352 [Link]
63.
Bokova E, Svetanoff WJ, Rosen JM, et al. State of the art bowel management for pediatric colorectal problems: Functional constipation. Children (Basel) 2023; 10: 1078 [Link]
64.
Baaleman DF, Wegh CAM, Hoogveld MTA, Benninga MA, Koppen IJN. Transanal Irrigation in Children: Treatment Success, Quality of Life, Adherence, Patient Experience, and Independence. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022;75: 166-172 [Link]
65.
Koppen IJ, Kuizenga-Wessel S, Voogt HW, Voskeuil ME, Benninga MA. Transanal Irrigation in the Treatment of Children With Intractable Functional Constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 64: 225-259 [Link]

Abstract

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), also called periodic disease, Armenian disease, etc., is a prototypical autoinflammatory disorder where the underlying mechanism is the dysfunction of innate immunity, resulting in unprovoked episodes of inflammation.1 Although considered rare worldwide, it is prevalent in people of Mediterranean origin; however, one can expect to encounter patients in all parts of the modern world. FMF is a monogenic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance.2 Unlike other monogenic disorders, the diagnosis remains largely clinical, and it is important to understand the limitations of genetic testing. Another distinguishing feature is the well-established effectiveness of lifelong monotherapy with colchicine in preventing attacks and complications.3

Topics

Primary Care

Published

2025

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Kestutis Adamonis Kestutis Adamonis, Stéphanie O Breukink, Sadé L Assmann

Gut brain axis

Gut brain axis

Jutta Keller Jutta Keller

Functional bowel disorders with diarrhoea: UEG and ESNM guidelines

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Mistakes in the management of carbohydrate intolerance and how to avoid them

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Plasma procalcitonin as an early predictor of liver injury in acetaminophen poisoning

Alexandre Nuzzo Alexandre Nuzzo, Katarzyna Pawlak

UEG Mistakes In Articles
Share via Email Share on Facebook Share on X Share on LinkedIn Share on Bluesky

Log in to continue.

This content is part of Gutflix. Log in with your myUEG account, or create one free, to watch it.

Log In Create a free account

Not sure what you can access? Learn more about account types.

Mistakes in the management of carbohydrate intolerance and how to avoid them

Johann Hammer, Heinz Florian Hammer, Mark Fox

Summary

AI Generated

Summary is not available for this content yet.

Download PDF

Was this helpful?

Thanks for your feedback.

This summary was generated by an AI large language model based on the content transcript. It is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for clinical judgment. Always rely on your professional expertise and the full clinical context when making clinical decisions.

References

Mistakes
References
Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8 Mistake 9 Mistake 10
1.
Koppen IJN, Vriesman MH, Saps M, et al. Prevalence of functional defecation disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Pediatrics 2018; 198: 121-30.e6 [Link]
2.
Choung RS, Shah ND, Chitkara D, et al. Direct medical costs of constipation from childhood to early adulthood: A population-based birth cohort study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52: 47-54 [Link]
3.
Liem O, Harman J, Benninga M, et al. Health utilization and cost impact of childhood constipation in the united states. J Pediatr 2009; 154: 258-262 [Link]
4.
Park R, Mikami S, LeClair J, et al. Inpatient burden of childhood functional gi disorders in the USA: An analysis of national trends in the USA from 1997 to 2009. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27: 684-692 [Link]
5.
Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 258-74 [Link]
6.
Koppen IJ, Nurko S, Saps M, et al. The pediatric rome iv criteria: What's new? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11: 193-201 [Link]
7.
Tabbers MM, Di Lorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from espghan and naspghan. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2014; 58: 258-74 [Link]
8.
Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, Thapar N, et al. Myths and misconceptions about childhood constipation. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182: 1447-58 [Link]
9.
Bouzios I, Chouliaras G, Chrousos GP, et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in greek children based on rome iii criteria: Identifying the child at risk. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29: e12951 [Link]
10.
Lewis ML, Palsson OS, Whitehead WE, et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2016; 177: 39-43.e3 [Link]
11.
Hasosah M, Alsahafi F, Alghiribi A, et al. Prevalence, characterization and risk factors of chronic constipation among saudi children: A cross-sectional study International Journal of Advanced Research 2018; 6: 1319-1324 [Link]
12.
Ip KS, Lee WT, Chan JS, et al. A community-based study of the prevalence of constipation in young children and the role of dietary fibre. Hong Kong Med J 2005; 11: 431-436 [Link]
13.
Wu TC, Chen LK, Pan WH, et al. Constipation in taiwan elementary school students: A nationwide survey. J Chin Med Assoc 2011; 74: 57-61 [Link]
14.
Udoh EE, Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for functional constipation in adolescent nigerians. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102: 841-844 [Link]
15.
Lu PL, Velasco-Benítez CA and Saps M. Sex, age, and prevalence of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and constipation in colombia: A population-based study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: e137-e41 [Link]
16.
Chogle A, Velasco-Benitez CA, Koppen IJ, et al. A population-based study on the epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in young children. J Pediatr 2016; 179: 139-43.e1 [Link]
17.
Berger MY, Tabbers MM, Kurver MJ, et al. Value of abdominal radiography, colonic transit time, and rectal ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of idiopathic constipation in children: A systematic review. J Pediatr 2012; 161: 44-50.e1-2 [Link]
18.
Benninga MA, Tabbers MM and van Rijn RR. How to use a plain abdominal radiograph in children with functional defecation disorders. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2016; 101: 187-193 [Link]
19.
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Abstract

Carbohydrates not absorbed in the small intestine are fermented by colonic bacteria to organic acids and gases(e.g. carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methane), part of which is absorbed in the colon, the other part remaining in the lumen. Large interindividual differences have been demonstrated for the production of such acids and gas. Carbohydrate malabsorption can be diagnosed by using the hydrogen breath test, because the gases produced after administration of a provocative dose of carbohydrate are unique products of bacterial carbohydrate fermentation.

Topics

Small Intestine & Nutrition

Citation

Hammer HF, Hammer J and Fox M. Mistakes in the management of carbohydrate intolerance and how to avoid them. UEG Education 2019; 19: 9–14

Published

2019

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Plasma procalcitonin as an early predictor of liver injury in acetaminophen poisoning

Katarzyna Pawlak 1, Alexandre Nuzzo 2

Affiliations

1 Department Gastroenterology, Endoscopy Unit, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Szczecin, Poland

2 Beaujon Hospital, Paris, France

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Abstract

Topics

Hepatobiliary

Published

2021

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