Mistakes in mouse models of nonalcoholic steatophepatitis and how to avoid them

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Mistakes in mouse models of nonalcoholic steatophepatitis and how to avoid them

Rui Castro

Summary

AI Generated

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a growing cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, with NASH posing substantially higher risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma than NAFL, and is expected to become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in coming decades.

NAFLD can manifest as nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with NASH carrying substantially higher risk of progression to advanced liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma compared with NAFL.
There is currently a lack of directed pharmacological therapies for NAFLD.
NAFLD has complex, multifactorial disease aetiology and pathology.
NAFLD is expected to become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades.

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References

Mistakes

References

Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8 Mistake 9 Mistake 10

Kaur S, Kidambi S, Ortega-Ribera M, et al. In Vitro Models for the Study of Liver Biology and Diseases: Advances and Limitations. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2023; 15: 559–571.

Rezvani M, Vallier L, Guillot A. Modeling Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Dish Using Human-Specific Platforms: Strategies and Limitations. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2023; 15: 1135–1145.

Feaver RE, Cole BK, Lawson MJ, et al. Development of an in vitro human liver system for interrogating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JCI Insight; 1. Epub ahead of print 8 December 2016. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90954.

Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, et al. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med 2018; 24: 908–922.

Haas JT, Francque S, Staels B. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2016; 78: 181–205.

Haczeyni F, Yeh MM, Ioannou GN, et al. Mouse models of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: A reflection on recent literature. J of Gastro and Hepatol 2018; 33: 1312–1320.

Cariou B, Byrne CD, Loomba R, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a metabolic disease in humans: A literature review. Diabetes Obesity Metabolism 2021; 23: 1069–1083.

Gallage S, Avila JEB, Ramadori P, et al. A researcher’s guide to preclinical mouse NASH models. Nat Metab 2022; 4: 1632–1649.

Hansen HH, Feigh M, Veidal SS, et al. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in preclinical drug development. Drug Discovery Today 2017; 22: 1707–1718.

10.

Wolf MJ, Adili A, Piotrowitz K, et al. Metabolic Activation of Intrahepatic CD8+ T Cells and NKT Cells Causes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Liver Cancer via Cross-Talk with Hepatocytes. Cancer Cell 2014; 26: 549–564.

11.

Mann JP, Semple RK, Armstrong MJ. How Useful Are Monogenic Rodent Models for the Study of Human Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Front Endocrinol; 7. Epub ahead of print 16 November 2016. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00145.

12.

Santhekadur PK, Kumar DP, Sanyal AJ. Preclinical models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Hepatology 2018; 68: 230–237.

13.

Ibrahim SH, Hirsova P, Malhi H, et al. Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Eat, Delete, and Inflame. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61: 1325–1336.

14.

Kakimoto PA, Kowaltowski AJ. Effects of high fat diets on rodent liver bioenergetics and oxidative imbalance. Redox Biology 2016; 8: 216–225.

15.

Riordan JD, Nadeau JH. Modeling progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the laboratory mouse. Mamm Genome 2014; 25: 473–486.

16.

Wang M-E, Singh BK, Hsu M-C, et al. Increasing Dietary Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Ratio Mitigates High-fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 13999.

17.

Arsov T, Larter CZ, Nolan CJ, et al. Adaptive failure to high-fat diet characterizes steatohepatitis in Alms1 mutant mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2006; 342: 1152–1159.

18.

Bell-Anderson KS, Aouad L, Williams H, et al. Coordinated improvement in glucose tolerance, liver steatosis and obesity-associated inflammation by cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonism in fat Aussie mice. Int J Obes 2011; 35: 1539–1548.

19.

Asgharpour A, Cazanave SC, Pacana T, et al. A diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular cancer. Journal of Hepatology 2016; 65: 579–588.

20.

Ganz M. High fat diet feeding results in gender specific steatohepatitis and inflammasome activation. WJG 2014; 20: 8525.

21.

Stöppeler S, Palmes D, Fehr M, et al. Gender and strain-specific differences in the development of steatosis in rats. Lab Anim 2013; 47: 43–52.

22.

Fujii M, Shibazaki Y, Wakamatsu K, et al. A murine model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis showing evidence of association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Mol Morphol 2013; 46: 141–152.

23.

Matsushita N, Hassanein MT, Martinez-Clemente M, et al. Gender difference in NASH susceptibility: Roles of hepatocyte Ikkβ and Sult1e1. PLoS ONE 2017; 12: e0181052.

24.

Yatsuji S, Hashimoto E, Tobari M, et al. Influence of age and gender in Japanese patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology Research 2007; 37: 1034–1043.

25.

De Lédinghen V, Ratziu V, Causse X, et al. Diagnostic and predictive factors of significant liver fibrosis and minimal lesions in patients with persistent unexplained elevated transaminases. A prospective multicenter study. Journal of Hepatology 2006; 45: 592–599.

26.

Louet J-F, LeMay C, Mauvais-Jarvis F. Antidiabetic actions of estrogen: Insight from human and genetic mouse models. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2004; 6: 180–185.

27.

Saglam K, Polat Z, Yilmaz MI, et al. Effects of Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy on Insulin Resistance. ENDO 2002; 18: 211–214.

28.

Wooden B, Goossens N, Hoshida Y, et al. Using Big Data to Discover Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 53-67.e3.

29.

Teufel A, Itzel T, Erhart W, et al. Comparison of Gene Expression Patterns Between Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Tissues From Patients. Gastroenterology 2016; 151: 513-525.e0.

30.

Hansen HH, Ægidius HM, Oró D, et al. Human translatability of the GAN diet-induced obese mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20: 210.

31.

Tsuchida T, Lee YA, Fujiwara N, et al. A simple diet- and chemical-induced murine NASH model with rapid progression of steatohepatitis, fibrosis and liver cancer. Journal of Hepatology 2018; 69: 385–395.

32.

Castro RE, Diehl AM. Towards a definite mouse model of NAFLD. Journal of Hepatology 2018; 69: 272–274.

33.

Omary MB, Cohen DE, El‐Omar EM, et al. Not all mice are the same: Standardization of animal research data presentation. Hepatology 2016; 63: 1752–1754.

34.

Bebarta V, Luyten D, Heard K. Emergency Medicine Animal Research: Does Use of Randomization and Blinding Affect the Results? Academic Emergency Medicine 2003; 10: 684–687.

35.

Kuper CF, Vogels J, Kemmerling J, et al. Integrated analysis of toxicity data of two pharmaceutical immunosuppressants and two environmental pollutants with immunomodulating properties to improve the understanding of side effects—A toxicopathologist׳s view. European Journal of Pharmacology 2015; 759: 343–355.

36.

Holman C, Piper SK, Grittner U, et al. Where Have All the Rodents Gone? The Effects of Attrition in Experimental Research on Cancer and Stroke. PLoS Biol 2016; 14: e1002331.

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing cause of chronic liver disease worldwide that can manifest as nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Compared with NAFL, NASH poses a substantially higher risk of progression to advanced liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given the lack of directed pharmacological therapies and the complex, multifactorial disease aetiology and pathology, NAFLD is expected to become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades.

Topics

Hepatobiliary

Citation

Castro RE and Diehl AM. Mistakes in animal models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and how to avoid them. UEG Education 2018; 18: 30–34

Published

2024

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Mistakes in coeliac disease diagnosis and how to avoid them

Roberto De Giorgio 1, Giacomo Caio 1, Umberto Volta 1

Affiliations

1 University of Bologna, Italy

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References

Mistakes

References

Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8 Mistake 9 Mistake 10

Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, et al. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med 2018; 24: 908–922.

Haas JT, Francque S, Staels B. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2016; 78: 181–205.

Haczeyni F, Yeh MM, Ioannou GN, et al. Mouse models of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: A reflection on recent literature. J of Gastro and Hepatol 2018; 33: 1312–1320.

Cariou B, Byrne CD, Loomba R, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a metabolic disease in humans: A literature review. Diabetes Obesity Metabolism 2021; 23: 1069–1083.

Gallage S, Avila JEB, Ramadori P, et al. A researcher’s guide to preclinical mouse NASH models. Nat Metab 2022; 4: 1632–1649.

Hansen HH, Feigh M, Veidal SS, et al. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in preclinical drug development. Drug Discovery Today 2017; 22: 1707–1718.

10.

11.

12.

Santhekadur PK, Kumar DP, Sanyal AJ. Preclinical models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Hepatology 2018; 68: 230–237.

13.

Ibrahim SH, Hirsova P, Malhi H, et al. Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Eat, Delete, and Inflame. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61: 1325–1336.

14.

Kakimoto PA, Kowaltowski AJ. Effects of high fat diets on rodent liver bioenergetics and oxidative imbalance. Redox Biology 2016; 8: 216–225.

15.

Riordan JD, Nadeau JH. Modeling progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the laboratory mouse. Mamm Genome 2014; 25: 473–486.

16.

Wang M-E, Singh BK, Hsu M-C, et al. Increasing Dietary Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Ratio Mitigates High-fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 13999.

17.

Arsov T, Larter CZ, Nolan CJ, et al. Adaptive failure to high-fat diet characterizes steatohepatitis in Alms1 mutant mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2006; 342: 1152–1159.

18.

19.

Asgharpour A, Cazanave SC, Pacana T, et al. A diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular cancer. Journal of Hepatology 2016; 65: 579–588.

20.

Ganz M. High fat diet feeding results in gender specific steatohepatitis and inflammasome activation. WJG 2014; 20: 8525.

21.

Stöppeler S, Palmes D, Fehr M, et al. Gender and strain-specific differences in the development of steatosis in rats. Lab Anim 2013; 47: 43–52.

22.

23.

Matsushita N, Hassanein MT, Martinez-Clemente M, et al. Gender difference in NASH susceptibility: Roles of hepatocyte Ikkβ and Sult1e1. PLoS ONE 2017; 12: e0181052.

24.

Yatsuji S, Hashimoto E, Tobari M, et al. Influence of age and gender in Japanese patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology Research 2007; 37: 1034–1043.

25.

26.

Louet J-F, LeMay C, Mauvais-Jarvis F. Antidiabetic actions of estrogen: Insight from human and genetic mouse models. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2004; 6: 180–185.

27.

Saglam K, Polat Z, Yilmaz MI, et al. Effects of Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy on Insulin Resistance. ENDO 2002; 18: 211–214.

28.

Wooden B, Goossens N, Hoshida Y, et al. Using Big Data to Discover Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 53-67.e3.

29.

30.

Hansen HH, Ægidius HM, Oró D, et al. Human translatability of the GAN diet-induced obese mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20: 210.

31.

32.

Castro RE, Diehl AM. Towards a definite mouse model of NAFLD. Journal of Hepatology 2018; 69: 272–274.

33.

Omary MB, Cohen DE, El‐Omar EM, et al. Not all mice are the same: Standardization of animal research data presentation. Hepatology 2016; 63: 1752–1754.

34.

Bebarta V, Luyten D, Heard K. Emergency Medicine Animal Research: Does Use of Randomization and Blinding Affect the Results? Academic Emergency Medicine 2003; 10: 684–687.

35.

36.

Holman C, Piper SK, Grittner U, et al. Where Have All the Rodents Gone? The Effects of Attrition in Experimental Research on Cancer and Stroke. PLoS Biol 2016; 14: e1002331.

Abstract

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, which activates an immune reaction against the autoantigen tissue transglutaminase (TG2) in genetically predisposed subjects. Genetic susceptibility to coeliac disease has been proven by its close linkage with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes. The identification of biomarkers for coeliac disease (e.g. endomysial antibodies [EmA] and antibodies to TG2 [anti-TG2]) has changed the epidemiology of coeliac disease from being a rare to a frequent condition, with an expected prevalence of 1% in the worldwide population. Coeliac disease can be difficult to diagnose because symptoms vary from patient to patient, and the majority of patients who have coeliac disease remain undiagnosed. Small intestinal biopsy remains the gold standard for coeliac disease diagnosis, and a delayed diagnosis in the elderly can be considered a risk factor for complications. Complicated coeliac disease is not so frequent, but for those who have it, the prognosis is very poor, with a low rate of survival after 5 years.

Topics

Small Intestine & Nutrition

Published

2024

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Complications in endoscopy with Srisha Hebbar Part 1

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Summary

AI Generated

Summary is not available for this content yet.

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Abstract

Topics

Endoscopy

Published

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Mistakes in enteral stenting and how to avoid them

Jeanin van Hooft, Paul Fockens, Joyce Valerie Veld

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References

Mistakes

References

Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8 Mistake 9 Mistake 10

Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, et al. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med 2018; 24: 908–922.

Haas JT, Francque S, Staels B. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2016; 78: 181–205.

Haczeyni F, Yeh MM, Ioannou GN, et al. Mouse models of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: A reflection on recent literature. J of Gastro and Hepatol 2018; 33: 1312–1320.

Cariou B, Byrne CD, Loomba R, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a metabolic disease in humans: A literature review. Diabetes Obesity Metabolism 2021; 23: 1069–1083.

Gallage S, Avila JEB, Ramadori P, et al. A researcher’s guide to preclinical mouse NASH models. Nat Metab 2022; 4: 1632–1649.

Hansen HH, Feigh M, Veidal SS, et al. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in preclinical drug development. Drug Discovery Today 2017; 22: 1707–1718.

10.

11.

12.

Santhekadur PK, Kumar DP, Sanyal AJ. Preclinical models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Hepatology 2018; 68: 230–237.

13.

Ibrahim SH, Hirsova P, Malhi H, et al. Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Eat, Delete, and Inflame. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61: 1325–1336.

14.

Kakimoto PA, Kowaltowski AJ. Effects of high fat diets on rodent liver bioenergetics and oxidative imbalance. Redox Biology 2016; 8: 216–225.

15.

Riordan JD, Nadeau JH. Modeling progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the laboratory mouse. Mamm Genome 2014; 25: 473–486.

16.

Wang M-E, Singh BK, Hsu M-C, et al. Increasing Dietary Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Ratio Mitigates High-fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 13999.

17.

Arsov T, Larter CZ, Nolan CJ, et al. Adaptive failure to high-fat diet characterizes steatohepatitis in Alms1 mutant mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2006; 342: 1152–1159.

18.

19.

Asgharpour A, Cazanave SC, Pacana T, et al. A diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular cancer. Journal of Hepatology 2016; 65: 579–588.

20.

Ganz M. High fat diet feeding results in gender specific steatohepatitis and inflammasome activation. WJG 2014; 20: 8525.

21.

Stöppeler S, Palmes D, Fehr M, et al. Gender and strain-specific differences in the development of steatosis in rats. Lab Anim 2013; 47: 43–52.

22.

23.

Matsushita N, Hassanein MT, Martinez-Clemente M, et al. Gender difference in NASH susceptibility: Roles of hepatocyte Ikkβ and Sult1e1. PLoS ONE 2017; 12: e0181052.

24.

Yatsuji S, Hashimoto E, Tobari M, et al. Influence of age and gender in Japanese patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology Research 2007; 37: 1034–1043.

25.

26.

Louet J-F, LeMay C, Mauvais-Jarvis F. Antidiabetic actions of estrogen: Insight from human and genetic mouse models. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2004; 6: 180–185.

27.

Saglam K, Polat Z, Yilmaz MI, et al. Effects of Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy on Insulin Resistance. ENDO 2002; 18: 211–214.

28.

Wooden B, Goossens N, Hoshida Y, et al. Using Big Data to Discover Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 53-67.e3.

29.

30.

Hansen HH, Ægidius HM, Oró D, et al. Human translatability of the GAN diet-induced obese mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20: 210.

31.

32.

Castro RE, Diehl AM. Towards a definite mouse model of NAFLD. Journal of Hepatology 2018; 69: 272–274.

33.

Omary MB, Cohen DE, El‐Omar EM, et al. Not all mice are the same: Standardization of animal research data presentation. Hepatology 2016; 63: 1752–1754.

34.

Bebarta V, Luyten D, Heard K. Emergency Medicine Animal Research: Does Use of Randomization and Blinding Affect the Results? Academic Emergency Medicine 2003; 10: 684–687.

35.

36.

Holman C, Piper SK, Grittner U, et al. Where Have All the Rodents Gone? The Effects of Attrition in Experimental Research on Cancer and Stroke. PLoS Biol 2016; 14: e1002331.

Abstract

Indications include stenosis (oesophageal and colonic) and gastric outlet obstruction

Topics

Radiology & Imaging Surgery

Citation

Veld JV, Fockens P and van Hooft JE. Mistakes in enteral stenting and how to avoid them. UEG Education 2019; 19: 5–8

Published

2019

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