Introduction
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is necessary to overcome malnutrition in hospitalized patients with acute or chronic intestinal failure, but is associated with complications. Physicians often lack knowledge in clinical nutrition, which makes clinical decision support tools recommended for prescribing PN. 1
Aims & Methods
This study evaluated the impact of the OLIVE TREE (Offering guidance and Learning to prescribers to Initiate parenteral nutrition using a Validated Electronic decision TREE), a decision tree integrated into the prescribing software at University Hospital Leuven, Belgium, on prescribing behavior and safety.2 Two cohorts were compared: 63 patients who received OLIVE TREE-guided PN initiation and 63 who did not. The primary outcome, assessed in the first cohort, was the proportion of patients for whom the OLIVE TREE impacted prescribing behavior. An impact was defined as a different PN regimen that was prescribed after using the OLIVE TREE compared with before using the OLIVE TREE (i.e. for the first question of the OLIVE TREE, the prescriber had to indicate which PN regimen he/she would initiate). Secondary outcomes included changes in initial PN regimens, time to regimen change, mortality, PN-related complications (hyperglycemia, liver dysfunction, fluid overload, catheter-related thrombosis, central line associated bloodstream infection and PN-related intensive care transfer) and weight evolution between PN initiation and discontinuation and between PN initiation and discharge.
Results
An impact on prescribing behavior was observed in 33 of 63 patients (52.4%; 95% CI 39.4-65.1; p < 0.001), resulting in providing more calories (27.0%), less calories (9.5%) and more refeeding protocols (6.3%). Initial PN regimens were altered in 54.0% of both cohorts, with a median time to change of six days (p = 0.820). No significant differences were found in mortality (1.6% and 3.2%; p = 0.747), complications (31.9% and 48.1%; p = 0.284), weight change between PN initiation and discontinuation (-0.5kg [-3.2-0.5] and -0.6kg [-2.5-1.2]; p = 0.317) or weight evolution between PN initiation and discharge (-1.4kg [-3.6-0.2] and -1.3kg [-2.75-0.3]; p = 0.541) between the OLIVE TREE and non-OLIVE TREE cohort.
Conclusion
The OLIVE TREE significantly impacted prescribing behavior, without leading to earlier or more frequent PN regimen changes, increased complications or different weight evolutions.
References
1 1 Ayers P, Adams S, Boullata J, Gervasio J, Holcombe B, Kraft MD, et al. A.S.P.E.N. parenteral nutrition safety consensus recommendations. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014;38(3):296-333.
2 Van den Broucke E et al. Offering Guidance and Learning to Prescribers to Initiate Parenteral Nutrition using a Validated Electronic Decision TREE (OLIVE TREE). J Med Syst. 2022;46(8):56.