Introduction
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect all segments of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in deficiencies, particularly of vitamins. They result from a decrease in ingesta, malabsorption or exudative enteropathy and metabolic alterations induced by the inflammation. These deficiencies may alter the course of the disease.
Aims & Methods
The aim of our work is to describe the most frequent deficiencies in patients with CD: they concern in particular iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate and vitamin B1.
This was a single-centre retrospective descriptive study including all patients followed for Crohn's disease in the hepato-gatsroenterology department. Biological assays of iron, vitamins B12, B9, B1 (if called) and vitamin D were performed in all patients at the time of diagnosis.
Results
Among 1045 patients followed for Crohn's disease in our department, 199 or 19.04% of patients had vitamin deficiencies, of which 64.3% (n=128) were women with an average age of 36.4 years.
Vitamin D deficiency was found in 76.7% (n=153) of cases, of which ileocolic deficiency was found in 63.4% (n=97), colonic deficiency in 24.8% (n=38), ileal deficiency in 8.5% (n=13), and greensecolic deficiency in 3.3% (n=5). Iron deficiency in 74.4% (n=148) of which ileo-colic in 58.8% (n=87), colonic in 25.7% (n=38), ileal in 10.8% (n=10) and greacolic in 4.7% (n=7). Vitamin B9 deficiency in 14.6% (n=28) of cases, of which ileocolic deficiency was found in 60.7% (n=17), colonic deficiency in 17.8% (n=5), ileal deficiency in 10.7% (n=3), and greacolic deficiency in 10.7% (n=3) respectively And vitamin B12 deficiency in 6% (n=12); of which the involvement was colonic in 66.8% (n=8), ileo-colic ileal in 16.6% (n=2) respectively. Concerning vitamin B1, 1% (n=2) of the patients had a deficiency; of which one patient presented a neurological complication such as "Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome" which recovered well after vitamin correction.
Conclusion
Vitamin deficiencies are common in CD and can impact on patient outcomes by increasing morbidity and complications. These deficiencies require systematic screening during follow-up, as well as appropriate management with dietary advice.