Introduction

Modern lifestyles have increased the demand for convenience and extended shelf life, contributing to the rising consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). This trend has been linked to adverse health outcomes, including obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD encompasses multifactorial digestive disorders characterized by disrupted intestinal homeostasis, resulting in immune dysregulation, impaired nutrient absorption, systemic inflammation, and a marked reduction in quality of life, often associated with chronic fatigue and decreased physical activity. These factors contribute to the activation of muscle protein catabolism and inhibition of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, increasing the risk of sarcopenia in IBD patients.

Aims & Methods

To evaluate ultra-processed food consumption and body composition in patients with IBD. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 105 patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis at the IBD outpatient clinic of Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu Medical School (HC-FMB). Assessments included handgrip strength using a dynamometer, bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometric measurements, and dietary intake evaluation using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

Results

The sample included 61 patients with ulcerative colitis and 44 with Crohn’s disease, with a mean age of 41.5 ± 15.1 years; 70% were female. Mean disease duration was 11.2 ± 7.6 years. The average BMI was 25.9 ± 5.2 kg/m², with 52.4% classified as overweight. Mean body fat percentage assessed by skinfold measurements was 28.5 ± 7.5%, with 85% exceeding the reference values. Additionally, 18.3% were classified as malnourished based on mid-arm muscle circumference. According to bioelectrical impedance, 86.4% had low muscle mass. Mean handgrip strength was 27.4 ± 8.7 kgf, with 7% presenting inadequate values. Dietary data showed that 22% reported weekly fast food consumption, 30.5% consumed sweets, and 13% drank artificial juices daily. Daily intake of fruits and vegetables was reported by 48% of participants, and 36% reported daily meat consumption.

Conclusion

Patients with IBD are at increased risk of sarcopenia due to inflammatory burden and dietary restrictions. This study identified reduced muscle mass and high intake of certain processed and ultra-processed foods. Regular consumption of UPFs may worsen disease outcomes and negatively affect body composition by increasing fat mass and decreasing muscle mass. Further analyses will explore associations between UPF intake and changes in body composition.

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