Introduction

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) offers effective, en bloc resection of large colorectal lesions (1), but can be technically challenging, especially for lesions with poor access. This video showcases successful use of the saline-immersion/irrigation technique (SITE), double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) and a novel type of advanced imaging for resection of such a lesion, in a patient with a long sigmoid colon which compromised stability.

Aims & Methods

A 64-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a sessile (Paris 0-Is) 80mm adenomatous lesion of the transverse colon. Focal surface irregularity (JNET 2B) was also identified. Multidisciplinary team discussion favored en bloc excision using ESD, under conscious sedation. Stable access to the lesion was challenging due to irreducible looping of the sigmoid colon, hindering any attempt at ESD using a standard colonoscope. A DBE was utilized to enhance access and stability, equipped with a conical short, transparent hood to allow for ESD using the pocket-creation method (PCM) (2-4) . ESD was performed using SITE (4-5), which offers several advantages: enhanced optical clarity and magnification, buoyancy of the lesion, improved conductivity (facilitating of vessel pre-coagulation and bleed-management). SITE also enhances patient comfort due to reduced distension, particularly when combined with external drainage of excess saline (6). Here, the DBE overtube was used for drainage. Severe fibrosis and muscle retraction was also observed at the center of the lesion, impeding access to the submucosal plane, this was overcome through clip-band traction. Additionally, a novel type of imaging: Amber-red color Imaging (ACI) (Fujifilm Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan), designed to enhance visualization of the muscularis propria and any vessels was also used, which further improved visualization of the dissection planes.

Results

The lesion was successfully resected en bloc in 180 minutes (dissection speed of 16.68 mm2/min), without significant adverse events. Hemostasias was achieved with knife-tip coagulation and intra-procedural application of protein-matrix gel coupled with scope-tamponade. The patient was prescribed a 5-day course of antibiotics and discharged on the same day. Histopathology confirmed a tubulo-villous adenoma with low-grade dysplasia, completely excised (R0).

Conclusion

DBE allows optimal access to challenging colonic lesions, where stability is critical for successful ESD. This example highlights the importance of adopting a tailored approach for each case, through a combination of established techniques, such as SITE, the PCM, and clip-band traction, to enhance ESD safety, efficacy and efficiency. Utilization of the latest-generation equipment, with optimized maneuverability, ergonomic comfort, and enhanced imaging, further supports these outcomes. Collectively, these strategies serve to overcome technically difficult scenarios.

References

1. Libânio D, Pimentel-Nunes P, Bastiaansen B, Bisschops R, Bourke MJ, Deprez PH, u. a. Endoscopic submucosal dissection techniques and technology: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical Review. Endoscopy. 29. März 2023;55(4):361–89
2. Hayashi Y, Sunada K, Takahashi H, et al. Pocket-creation method of endoscopic submucosal dissection to achieve en bloc resection of giant colorectal subpedunculated neoplastic lesions. Endoscopy 2014;46:E421-2
3. Hayashi Y, Miura Y, Yamamoto H. Pocket-creation method for the safe, reliable, and efficient endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal lateral spreading tumors. Dig Endosc 2015;27:534-5
4. Yamamoto H, Hayashi Y, Despott EJ. The pocket-creation method for endoscopic submucosal dissection combined with saline-immersion: another potential option to overcome challenges in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection. Gastrointest Endosc [Internet]. 1. August 2019 [zitiert 6. August 2023];90(2):288–9
5. Despott EJ, Murino A. Saline-immersion therapeutic endoscopy (SITE): An evolution of underwater endoscopic lesion resection. Digestive and Liver Disease [Internet]. 1. Dezember 2017 [zitiert 25. August 2023];49(12):1376. ​
6. Takaaki Morikawa, Alberto Murino, Hiroaki Ishii, Yoshikazu Hayashi, Yuka Kagaya, Hisashi Fukuda, Edward John Despott, Hironori Yamamoto. The ‘Asclepius tube’: a slim drainage tube wrapped around the distal part of the endoscope, for cecal endoscopic submucosal dissection, VideoGIE, 2024, ISSN 2468-4481

Disclosure

The authors declare the following conflict of interest:
EMB: No disclosures
GK: No disclosures
AR: No disclosures
AM: Personal payments/honoraria/fees: Olympus Medical, Laborie, Boston Scientific, Fujifilm Healthcare Europe
EJD: Educational grants in support of conference organization, and honoraria, from Fujifilm Healthcare Europe, Pentax, and Olympus Medical, and honoraria from Ambu and Fujifilm Healthcare Europe

Introduction

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory autodigestive disorder triggered by dysfunction of pancreatic exocrine activity and represents the most common gastrointestinal emergency in clinical practice. Global data indicate an annual incidence rate of 33.74 per 100,000 population and a mortality rate of 1.16 per 100,000. Despite ongoing optimization of therapeutic strategies, current clinical management primarily relies on supportive care and surgery. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is the second leading etiological factor for AP, accounting for 10.36% of cases. Compared to other causes, HTG-associated acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) exhibits higher recurrence rates and more severe complications (e.g., pancreatic necrosis and renal insufficiency). With the rising prevalence of HTG, the disease burden of HTG-AP is increasing, yet its specific pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear.

Aims & Methods

This study integrated whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to screen for shared mutations in the exonic regions of 5 HTG-AP family members. Candidate genes were identified based on MutationTaster classification and CADD scores. A mouse model carrying the PDLIM2 gene rs145349678 mutation was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and an HTG-AP animal model was established. Pancreatic and hepatic histopathology (HE staining) and serological markers (TG, lipase, amylase, IL-6) were analyzed to evaluate the impact of the mutation on pancreatitis severity and hepatic lipid deposition.

Results

A clinical HTG-AP family was identified, with all 5 members exhibiting hypertriglyceridemia, including 2 cases of recurrent pancreatitis. WGS revealed 278 mutation sites across 10 chromosomes (involving 23 genes) in the family, and NGS validation narrowed these to 7 candidate loci. The PDLIM2 rs145349678 mutation (NM_001368120.1:exon9:c.C1055T:p.A352V), located within the LIM domain (which mediates protein localization and signaling transduction), was selected as the target due to cross-species conservation. Experimental results demonstrated that HTG-AP mice with the PDLIM2 mutation exhibited significantly aggravated pancreatic pathological damage (edema, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration; *P* < 0.05), elevated serological markers (TG: 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 1.5 ± 0.3 mmol/L; lipase: 520 ± 68 vs. 320 ± 45 U/L; IL-6: 48.2 ± 6.1 vs. 28.5 ± 4.3 pg/mL; *P* < 0.01 for all), and a 2.3-fold increase in hepatic lipid deposition (*P* < 0.001) compared to controls.

Conclusion

The PDLIM2 rs145349678 mutation exacerbates inflammatory responses and hepatic lipid accumulation in HTG-AP by modulating lipid metabolism. This finding provides new insights into the pathogenesis of HTG-AP and potential therapeutic targets.