Introduction
The risk of developing gastric carcinoma is closely associated with the severity and extent of premalignant conditions, namely gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. The most recent guidelines for screening and surveillance recommend collecting biopsies from at least two topographic sites (two from the antrum/incisura and two from the corpus, placed in separate and clearly labelled vials), considering incisura angularis biopsy as optional.
Aims & Methods
This study aims to assess the relevance of performing a random biopsy of the incisura angularis for the diagnosing and staging premalignant gastric conditions. We conducted a retrospective cohort study between November/2023 and January/2025, including patients undergoing screening upper endoscopy, endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms or chronic gastritis monitoring. Biopsies were collected according to the RE.GA.IN protocol, with an additional biopsy from the incisura angularis placed in a third vial. Endoscopic and histological findings were collected and analyzed.
Results
A total of 192 patients underwent high-quality endoscopy, including virtual chromoendoscopy with Blue Light Imaging (57.3% female; mean age 59.6±15.2 years). Most procedures (56.3%) were performed without sedation, followed by anesthesia (23.4%) and conscious sedation (20.3%), with overall good (76.6%) and reasonable (16.7%) tolerance. High risk OLGA/OLGIM stages (III and IV) were identified in 2.1% and 7.8% of patients, respectively (OLGA: stage I-29.7%, II-5.7%, III - 2.1%; OLGIM: stage I - 18.8%, II - 18.8%, III - 7.3%, IV - 0.5%). The addition of a random incisura angularis biopsy altered the overall OLGA score in 16.1% of patients and the OLGIM score in 15.6%, but it contributed to an upgrade to high-risk stages in only three patients (1.6%). Specifically, in two patients, the OLGIM stage increased from 0 to III, and in one patient, the OLGA stage increased from 0 to III.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that while the incisura angularis biopsy provides some additional diagnostic value, its impact on identifying high-risk patients and influencing the recommended endoscopic surveillance intervals is limited.
References
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