Mistakes in gastrostomy insertion in children and adolescents and how to avoid them

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Mistakes in gastrostomy insertion in children and adolescents and how to avoid them

Christos Tzivinikos, Ilse Broekaert, Jorge Amil Dias, Matjaz Homan

Summary

AI Generated

This article addresses percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in children, combining evidence-based data with clinical experience to supplement existing guidelines.

PEG placement provides enteral feeding through the stomach with the same underlying principle in adults and children, but indications, considerations and techniques differ owing to anatomical differences, age-dependent physiological concerns, and age- and disease-specific needs
PEG or PEG-J tube placement should be considered when feeding via nasogastric tube or naso-jejunal tube is necessary for a prolonged time
PEG tubes allow delivery of medications and venting of the stomach when needed
Nutrition via PEG facilitates transition to out-of-hospital care and improves quality of life for children and families while improving outcomes in children with chronic diseases
Recent clinical guidelines provide guidance for PEG tube placement in children but offer little advice on device selection, postoperative management, tube removal and other specific cases

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References

Mistakes

References

Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8

Homan M, Hauser B, Romano C, et al. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Children: An Update to the ESPGHAN Position Paper. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73: 415-426.

Braegger C, Decsi T, Dias JA, et al. Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 51: 110-122.

Heuschkel RB, Gottrand F, Devarajan K, et al. ESPGHAN position paper on management of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60: 131-141.

Kim JS, Park YW, Kim HK, et al. Is percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement safe in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts? World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 3148-3152.

Yap BK, Nah SA, Chen Y, et al. Fundoplication with gastrostomy vs gastrostomy alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complications. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33: 217-228.

Warady BA, Same R, Borzych-Duzalka D, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the prevention and management of peritoneal dialysis associated infections in children: 2024 update. Perit Dial Int 2024;44: 303-364.

Veiga TMA, Carvalho PEP, Machado FSL, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 39: 63.

Alessandri F, Strisciuglio C, Borrazzo C, et al. Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Children: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72: 366-371

Knatten CK, Dahlseng MO, Perminow G, et al. Push-PEG or Pull-PEG: Does the Technique Matter? A Prospective Study Comparing Outcomes After Gastrostomy Placement. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59: 1879-1885.

10.

Jean-Bart CC, Aumar M, Ley D, et al. Complications of one-step button percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182: 1665-1672.

11.

Takalo M, Iber T, Autio R, et al. Complications after pediatric percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: comparison of the push and pull technique. World J Pediatr Surg 2024; 7: e000687.

12.

Brinkmann J, Fahle L, Broekaert I, et al. Safety of the One Step Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (Push-PEG) Button in Pediatric Patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77: 828-834.

13.

Dahlseng MO, Skari H, Perminow G, et al. Reduced complication rate after implementation of a detailed treatment protocol for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with T-fastener fixation in pediatric patients: A prospective study. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57: 396-401.

14.

Lucendo AJ and Friginal-Ruiz AB. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: An update on its indications, management, complications, and care. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2014; 106: 529-539.

15.

Balogh B, Kovacs T and Saxena AK. Complications in children with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement. World J Pediatr 2019; 15: 12-16.

16.

Pih GY, Na HK, Ahn JY, et al. Risk factors for complications and mortality of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18: 101.

17.

Sandberg F, Viktorsdottir MB, Salo M, et al. Comparison of major complications in children after laparoscopy-assisted gastrostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement: a meta-analysis.Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34: 1321-1327.

18.

Schrag SP, Sharma R, Jaik NP, et al. Complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. A comprehensive clinical review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2007; 16: 407-418.

19.

McSweeney ME, Jiang H, Deutsch AJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of infants and children undergoing percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy tube placement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57: 663-667.

20.

Fortunato JE, Troy AL, Cuffari C, et al. Outcome after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and young adults. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50: 390-393.

21.

Richter-Schrag HJ and Fischer A. [Buried bumper syndrome: A new classification and therapy algorithm]. Chirurg 2015; 86: 963-969.

22.

Bischoff SC, Austin P, Boeykens K, et al. ESPEN guideline on home enteral nutrition. Clin Nutr 2020; 39: 5-22.

23.

Figueiredo AA, Lomazi EA, Montenegro MA, et al. Quality of Life in Caregivers of Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy and Gastrostomy Tube Feeding. Arq Gastroenterol 2020; 57: 3-7.

24.

Suluhan D, Yildiz D, Surer I, et al. Effect of Gastrostomy Tube Feeding Education on Parents of Children with Gastrostomy. Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 36: 1220-1229.

25.

Nelson KE, Lacombe-Duncan A, Cohen E, et al. Family Experiences With Feeding Tubes in Neurologic Impairment: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2015; 136: e140-151.

26.

Brant CQ, Stanich P and Ferrari AP, Jr. Improvement of children's nutritional status after enteral feeding by PEG: an interim report. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 50: 183-188.

27.

Lalanne A, Gottrand F, Salleron J, et al. Long-term outcome of children receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 59: 172-176.

Abstract

Adequate nutrition is essential for the homeostasis of fluids and nutrients, growth and thriving, especially in children. While the underlying principle of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement is the same for both adults and children—providing a means of enteral feeding through the stomach—the indications, considerations and techniques differ owing to anatomical differences, age-dependent physiological concerns, and the age- and disease-specific needs of the child.

If feeding via nasogastric tube (NGT) or naso-jejunal tube (NJT) is necessary for a prolonged time, placement of a PEG or percutaneous endoscopic gastro-jejunal (PEG-J) tube should be considered. A PEG tube also allows the delivery of medications and venting of the stomach when needed. Nutrition via PEG facilitates the transition to out-of-hospital care and improves the quality of life (QoL) for children and families while improving the outcome of children with chronic diseases.

There are recent clinical guidelines providing guidance for PEG tube placement in children, but little advice on, e.g., choosing the right device for the right patient, details on postoperative management, removal of the PEG tube and other specific cases. The following article provides a combination of evidence-based data and the authors’ clinical experience.

Topics

Paediatrics Small Intestine & Nutrition Stomach & H. Pylori

Citation

Broekaert I.J, Dias J.A, Homan M and Tzivinikos C. Mistakes in gastrostomy insertion in children and adolescents and how to avoid them. UEG Education 2024; 24: 34-38.

Published

2024

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Mistakes in abdominal distension and how to avoid them

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Summary

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Summary is not available for this content yet.

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References

Mistakes

References

Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8

Homan M, Hauser B, Romano C, et al. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Children: An Update to the ESPGHAN Position Paper. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73: 415-426.

Braegger C, Decsi T, Dias JA, et al. Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 51: 110-122.

Heuschkel RB, Gottrand F, Devarajan K, et al. ESPGHAN position paper on management of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60: 131-141.

Kim JS, Park YW, Kim HK, et al. Is percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement safe in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts? World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 3148-3152.

Yap BK, Nah SA, Chen Y, et al. Fundoplication with gastrostomy vs gastrostomy alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complications. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33: 217-228.

Veiga TMA, Carvalho PEP, Machado FSL, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 39: 63.

Knatten CK, Dahlseng MO, Perminow G, et al. Push-PEG or Pull-PEG: Does the Technique Matter? A Prospective Study Comparing Outcomes After Gastrostomy Placement. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59: 1879-1885.

10.

Jean-Bart CC, Aumar M, Ley D, et al. Complications of one-step button percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182: 1665-1672.

11.

Takalo M, Iber T, Autio R, et al. Complications after pediatric percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: comparison of the push and pull technique. World J Pediatr Surg 2024; 7: e000687.

12.

Brinkmann J, Fahle L, Broekaert I, et al. Safety of the One Step Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (Push-PEG) Button in Pediatric Patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77: 828-834.

13.

14.

Lucendo AJ and Friginal-Ruiz AB. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: An update on its indications, management, complications, and care. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2014; 106: 529-539.

15.

Balogh B, Kovacs T and Saxena AK. Complications in children with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement. World J Pediatr 2019; 15: 12-16.

16.

Pih GY, Na HK, Ahn JY, et al. Risk factors for complications and mortality of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18: 101.

17.

18.

Schrag SP, Sharma R, Jaik NP, et al. Complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. A comprehensive clinical review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2007; 16: 407-418.

19.

McSweeney ME, Jiang H, Deutsch AJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of infants and children undergoing percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy tube placement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57: 663-667.

20.

Fortunato JE, Troy AL, Cuffari C, et al. Outcome after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and young adults. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50: 390-393.

21.

Richter-Schrag HJ and Fischer A. [Buried bumper syndrome: A new classification and therapy algorithm]. Chirurg 2015; 86: 963-969.

22.

Bischoff SC, Austin P, Boeykens K, et al. ESPEN guideline on home enteral nutrition. Clin Nutr 2020; 39: 5-22.

23.

Figueiredo AA, Lomazi EA, Montenegro MA, et al. Quality of Life in Caregivers of Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy and Gastrostomy Tube Feeding. Arq Gastroenterol 2020; 57: 3-7.

24.

Suluhan D, Yildiz D, Surer I, et al. Effect of Gastrostomy Tube Feeding Education on Parents of Children with Gastrostomy. Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 36: 1220-1229.

25.

Nelson KE, Lacombe-Duncan A, Cohen E, et al. Family Experiences With Feeding Tubes in Neurologic Impairment: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2015; 136: e140-151.

26.

Brant CQ, Stanich P and Ferrari AP, Jr. Improvement of children's nutritional status after enteral feeding by PEG: an interim report. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 50: 183-188.

27.

Lalanne A, Gottrand F, Salleron J, et al. Long-term outcome of children receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 59: 172-176.

Abstract

Abdominal distension and bloating are among the most frequently misunderstood complaints in gastroenterology. They are often used as interchangeable terms, a conceptual mistake that continues to drive diagnostic errors and ineffective treatment. According to Rome IV, bloating and distension may represent either a primary disorder of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) or occur as symptoms with other DGBIs, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD) or functional constipation (FC).

Topics

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Citation

Barba E and Ezquerra-Durán A. Mistakes in abdominal distension and bloating and how to avoid them. UEG Education 2026; 26: 5-9.

Published

2026

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References

Mistakes

References

Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8

Homan M, Hauser B, Romano C, et al. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Children: An Update to the ESPGHAN Position Paper. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73: 415-426.

Braegger C, Decsi T, Dias JA, et al. Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 51: 110-122.

Heuschkel RB, Gottrand F, Devarajan K, et al. ESPGHAN position paper on management of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60: 131-141.

Kim JS, Park YW, Kim HK, et al. Is percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement safe in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts? World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 3148-3152.

Yap BK, Nah SA, Chen Y, et al. Fundoplication with gastrostomy vs gastrostomy alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complications. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33: 217-228.

Veiga TMA, Carvalho PEP, Machado FSL, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 39: 63.

Knatten CK, Dahlseng MO, Perminow G, et al. Push-PEG or Pull-PEG: Does the Technique Matter? A Prospective Study Comparing Outcomes After Gastrostomy Placement. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59: 1879-1885.

10.

Jean-Bart CC, Aumar M, Ley D, et al. Complications of one-step button percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182: 1665-1672.

11.

Takalo M, Iber T, Autio R, et al. Complications after pediatric percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: comparison of the push and pull technique. World J Pediatr Surg 2024; 7: e000687.

12.

Brinkmann J, Fahle L, Broekaert I, et al. Safety of the One Step Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (Push-PEG) Button in Pediatric Patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77: 828-834.

13.

14.

Lucendo AJ and Friginal-Ruiz AB. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: An update on its indications, management, complications, and care. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2014; 106: 529-539.

15.

Balogh B, Kovacs T and Saxena AK. Complications in children with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement. World J Pediatr 2019; 15: 12-16.

16.

Pih GY, Na HK, Ahn JY, et al. Risk factors for complications and mortality of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18: 101.

17.

18.

Schrag SP, Sharma R, Jaik NP, et al. Complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. A comprehensive clinical review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2007; 16: 407-418.

19.

McSweeney ME, Jiang H, Deutsch AJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of infants and children undergoing percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy tube placement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57: 663-667.

20.

Fortunato JE, Troy AL, Cuffari C, et al. Outcome after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and young adults. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50: 390-393.

21.

Richter-Schrag HJ and Fischer A. [Buried bumper syndrome: A new classification and therapy algorithm]. Chirurg 2015; 86: 963-969.

22.

Bischoff SC, Austin P, Boeykens K, et al. ESPEN guideline on home enteral nutrition. Clin Nutr 2020; 39: 5-22.

23.

Figueiredo AA, Lomazi EA, Montenegro MA, et al. Quality of Life in Caregivers of Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy and Gastrostomy Tube Feeding. Arq Gastroenterol 2020; 57: 3-7.

24.

Suluhan D, Yildiz D, Surer I, et al. Effect of Gastrostomy Tube Feeding Education on Parents of Children with Gastrostomy. Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 36: 1220-1229.

25.

Nelson KE, Lacombe-Duncan A, Cohen E, et al. Family Experiences With Feeding Tubes in Neurologic Impairment: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2015; 136: e140-151.

26.

Brant CQ, Stanich P and Ferrari AP, Jr. Improvement of children's nutritional status after enteral feeding by PEG: an interim report. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 50: 183-188.

27.

Lalanne A, Gottrand F, Salleron J, et al. Long-term outcome of children receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 59: 172-176.

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References

Mistakes

References

Mistake 1 Mistake 2 Mistake 3 Mistake 4 Mistake 5 Mistake 6 Mistake 7 Mistake 8

Homan M, Hauser B, Romano C, et al. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Children: An Update to the ESPGHAN Position Paper. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73: 415-426.

Braegger C, Decsi T, Dias JA, et al. Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 51: 110-122.

Heuschkel RB, Gottrand F, Devarajan K, et al. ESPGHAN position paper on management of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60: 131-141.

Kim JS, Park YW, Kim HK, et al. Is percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement safe in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts? World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 3148-3152.

Yap BK, Nah SA, Chen Y, et al. Fundoplication with gastrostomy vs gastrostomy alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complications. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33: 217-228.

Veiga TMA, Carvalho PEP, Machado FSL, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 39: 63.

Knatten CK, Dahlseng MO, Perminow G, et al. Push-PEG or Pull-PEG: Does the Technique Matter? A Prospective Study Comparing Outcomes After Gastrostomy Placement. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59: 1879-1885.

10.

Jean-Bart CC, Aumar M, Ley D, et al. Complications of one-step button percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182: 1665-1672.

11.

Takalo M, Iber T, Autio R, et al. Complications after pediatric percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: comparison of the push and pull technique. World J Pediatr Surg 2024; 7: e000687.

12.

Brinkmann J, Fahle L, Broekaert I, et al. Safety of the One Step Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (Push-PEG) Button in Pediatric Patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77: 828-834.

13.

14.

Lucendo AJ and Friginal-Ruiz AB. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: An update on its indications, management, complications, and care. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2014; 106: 529-539.

15.

Balogh B, Kovacs T and Saxena AK. Complications in children with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement. World J Pediatr 2019; 15: 12-16.

16.

Pih GY, Na HK, Ahn JY, et al. Risk factors for complications and mortality of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18: 101.

17.

18.

Schrag SP, Sharma R, Jaik NP, et al. Complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. A comprehensive clinical review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2007; 16: 407-418.

19.

McSweeney ME, Jiang H, Deutsch AJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of infants and children undergoing percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy tube placement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57: 663-667.

20.

Fortunato JE, Troy AL, Cuffari C, et al. Outcome after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and young adults. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50: 390-393.

21.

Richter-Schrag HJ and Fischer A. [Buried bumper syndrome: A new classification and therapy algorithm]. Chirurg 2015; 86: 963-969.

22.

Bischoff SC, Austin P, Boeykens K, et al. ESPEN guideline on home enteral nutrition. Clin Nutr 2020; 39: 5-22.

23.

Figueiredo AA, Lomazi EA, Montenegro MA, et al. Quality of Life in Caregivers of Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy and Gastrostomy Tube Feeding. Arq Gastroenterol 2020; 57: 3-7.

24.

Suluhan D, Yildiz D, Surer I, et al. Effect of Gastrostomy Tube Feeding Education on Parents of Children with Gastrostomy. Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 36: 1220-1229.

25.

Nelson KE, Lacombe-Duncan A, Cohen E, et al. Family Experiences With Feeding Tubes in Neurologic Impairment: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2015; 136: e140-151.

26.

Brant CQ, Stanich P and Ferrari AP, Jr. Improvement of children's nutritional status after enteral feeding by PEG: an interim report. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 50: 183-188.

27.

Lalanne A, Gottrand F, Salleron J, et al. Long-term outcome of children receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 59: 172-176.

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains an important global health concern. It is estimated that there are approximately 50 million people infected with HCV globally, with around 1 million new infections each year and about 242,000 deaths annually attributed to HCV-related complications. Most acute HCV infections (55–85%) become chronic due to the virus’s effective evasion strategies, with spontaneous clearance being rare once chronicity is established. This condition often progresses silently, with many individuals unaware of their infection until advanced liver damage has occurred. If left untreated, HCV can lead to severe complications, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV transmission occurs mainly through percutaneous exposure to infected blood. HCV can also spread from mother to infant (vertical transmission) and, less frequently, via sexual contact.1,2 In recent years, the introduction of oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), with remarkable safety and effectiveness profiles, has led to a sustained virological response (SVR) in virtually all (>97%) HCV-infected patients, regardless of HCV genotype or disease stage. However, significant barriers remain, such as issues with diagnosis, access to treatment and awareness of the disease.

Here, we discuss some of the misconceptions in HCV management and provide a practical management approach grounded in evidence and clinical experience.

Topics

Hepatobiliary

Citation

Garcia A.C and Alexandrino G. Mistakes in hepatits C and how to avoid them. UEG Education 2025; 25: 14-17.

Published

2025

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Episode 6: UEG Journal October Spotlight

Mohsan Subhani, Maria Manuela Estevinho

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Abstract

Topics

Endoscopy Hepatobiliary IBD Pancreas

Published

2025

More Like This:

Mistakes in abdominal distension and how to avoid them

Alberto Ezquerra-Durán

Coeliac disease with David Sanders

Pradeep Mundre

Mistakes in the management of peritoneal malignancies and how to avoid them

Charlotte Rabl

Malignancy in IBD with Hannah Gordon

Pradeep Mundre

Mistakes in hepatitis C and how to avoid them

Gonçalo Alexandrino

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Maria Manuela Estevinho