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ESD OF A FLAT LESION IN THE LEFT PYRIFORM SINUS MIMICKING EARLY NEOPLASIA: A DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE

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ESD OF A FLAT LESION IN THE LEFT PYRIFORM SINUS MIMICKING EARLY NEOPLASIA: A DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE

Ivan Hornik 1, Serhii Polishchuk 2, Hanna Lapsar 3, Vadym Korpiak 4

Affiliations

1 LLC "Gastrocenter", Olymed, Kyiv, Ukraine|||National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine

2 LLC "Gastrocenter", Olymed, Kyiv, Ukraine

3 CSD Lab Medical Laboratory, Kyiv, Ukraine

4 Lisod Hospital, Kyiv, Ukraine

Summary

AI Generated

Endoscopic submucosal dissection successfully resected a 10×10 mm pyriform sinus lesion with IPCL type IV pattern initially suspicious for dysplasia, which proved to be mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) on histopathology.

A 28-year-old non-smoking female with a flat elevated Paris 0-IIa lesion in the left pyriform sinus showing IPCL pattern type IV on narrow-band imaging raised suspicion for low-grade or high-grade neoplasia.
En bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection was completed in 12 minutes under general anesthesia without adverse events.
Histopathology revealed stratified non-keratinizing squamous epithelium overlying MALT with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia; epithelium was non-dysplastic with no evidence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on immunohistochemistry (non-block-type p16, Ki-67 limited to basal layer).
The patient experienced mild local discomfort for two weeks controlled with ibuprofen, and follow-up endoscopy at one month confirmed complete healing with no recurrence.
The case demonstrates that optical assessment has diagnostic limitations in small hypopharyngeal lesions and that ESD is a safe and effective option for excisional biopsy in this anatomically challenging location.

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Abstract

Introduction

Endoscopic resection techniques, particularly endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), are increasingly adapted for lesions located beyond the gastrointestinal tract, including the hypopharynx. Atypical lesions in the pyriform sinus are uncommon and pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their anatomical complexity and limited endoscopic experience. We present a rare case of a flat mucosal lesion in the left pyriform sinus, initially suggestive of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) managed by ESD for excisional biopsy. Our optical diagnosis and resection strategy were based on a previously published case by Di et al., who demonstrated the feasibility of modified ESD in the hypopharyngeal region. (BMC Cancer 17, 712 (2017).

Aims & Methods

A 28-year-old female presented with upper abdominal pain and was referred for diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). She was a non-smoker with no relevant oncological family history. Routine examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum was unremarkable. However, careful inspection of the hypopharynx revealed a flat elevated lesion (Paris 0-IIa), approximately 10×10 mm in size, with a demarcated border, located in the left pyriform sinus. Under narrow-band imaging (NBI) with dual focus, intrapapillary capillary loop (IPCL) pattern type IV was observed, raising suspicion for low-grade neoplasia or high-grade neoplasia. The lesion was photo-documented, and the patient was referred for therapeutic resection.
ESD was performed under general anesthesia. En bloc excision was achieved without adverse events; the resection time was 12 minutes.

Results

Histopathologic analysis revealed stratified non-keratinizing squamous epithelium overlying subepithelial lymphoid tissue, consistent with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Areas of lymphoid follicular hyperplasia with fused follicles were present. The epithelium was non-dysplastic, with regenerative changes and mild intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed non-block-type p16 staining, and Ki-67 expression was limited to the basal layer. No morphological or immunohistochemical evidence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was found.
The patient experienced mild local discomfort for two weeks post-procedure, controlled with ibuprofen. Follow-up endoscopy at one month confirmed complete healing with no recurrence.

Conclusion

This case highlights the growing applicability of advanced endoscopic techniques beyond the gastrointestinal tract and emphasizes the diagnostic limitations of optical assessment in small hypopharyngeal lesions. Despite features suggestive of squamous dysplasia, accurate diagnosis relied on excisional biopsy. ESD proved to be a safe and effective therapeutic option in this anatomically challenging location.

References

Di, L., Fu, KI., Xie, R. et al. A modified endoscopic submucosal dissection for a superficial hypopharyngeal cancer: a case report and technical discussion. BMC Cancer 17, 712 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3685-7

Event

UEG Week Berlin 2025

Topics

Digestive Oncology Endoscopy Oesophagus

Submission format

Video Case

Session

Video Case Session: Third space endoscopy

Citation

United European Gastroenterology Journal 2025; 13 (Supplement 8)

Published

2025

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MICROPLASTIC-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN GUT MICROBIOME AND METABOLISM: INSIGHTS FROM AN EX VIVO BIOREACTOR MODEL

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MICROPLASTIC-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN GUT MICROBIOME AND METABOLISM: INSIGHTS FROM AN EX VIVO BIOREACTOR MODEL

Christian Pacher-Deutsch 1, Kristina Žukauskaitė 1, Cigdem Akar 2, Maximilian Nepel 2, Lukas Kogler 3, Hansjörg Habisch 2, Serena Ducoli 4, Stefania Federici 4, Tobias Madl 5, Verena Pichler 6, Angela Horvath 1, Vanessa Stadlbauer 7

Affiliations

1 Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria|||Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

2 Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

3 Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria|||University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria|||Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

4 University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

5 Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria|||BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria

6 Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria|||University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

7 Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria|||Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria|||BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria

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Abstract

Introduction

Microplastic particles (MPs), defined as plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm, are pervasive pollutants that accumulate in ecosystems and the human food chain (1). Literature points at various health risks, including the induction of carcinogenesis (2). Emerging evidence from animal models (3) suggests that MPs may influence the gut microbiome, but the impact on the human gut microbiome remains poorly understood.

Aims & Methods

This study aimed to evaluate how various MP types influence gut microbial composition and metabolism using an ex vivo bioreactor model, with a focus on exploring potential carcinogenic effects arising from MP–microbiome interactions.
Stool samples from healthy donors were used to inoculate bioreactor cultures, which were maintained under anaerobic conditions for five days with daily nutrient feeding. These cultures were exposed to five common MP types—polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)—at concentrations mimicking both estimated human exposure (4) and higher doses to assess dose-dependence. Cell viability and total bacterial counts, as well as culture pH, were measured throughout the experiment. To further explore potential microbiome and metabolic alterations, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics were performed.

Results

MP exposure did not lead to significant changes in total or viable bacterial cell counts. However, MP-treated cultures exhibited a consistent and significant decrease in pH compared to controls, suggesting changes in microbial metabolic activity. Microbiome sequencing revealed plastic-type-dependent alterations in microbial composition, with certain bacterial taxa increasing or decreasing in abundance depending on the MP type. These shifts occurred across multiple genera within diverse families, including Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Ruminococcaceae, with the majority of changes occurring withing the phylum Bacillota. These compositional changes were accompanied by shifts in the metabolomic profiles, some of which correlated with the observed pH changes. Several plastic types induced changes in valeric acid levels, while individual MP types were associated with alterations in distinct metabolites such as uracil, lactic acid, and acetic acid.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that MPs can affect gut microbial activity and metabolism without significantly altering overall bacterial abundance in the short term. The variation in microbiome response across plastic types highlights the complexity of MP-microbiome interactions. Changes in faecal pH are known to be associated with various gastrointestinal diseases (5). Interestingly, some of the MP-induced changes in microbial composition resembled patterns linked to diseases such as depression and colorectal cancer. In contrast, other changes showed patterns that differed from those typically associated with conditions like Parkinson’s disease and irritable bowel syndrome, highlighting the complexity of these associations and the dependency on the context. The bioreactor model provided a controlled environment for identifying direct MP-microbiome interactions; however, in humans, additional factors like diet, immune response, and individual microbiome variations play a role in determining long-term effects. Exposure duration may also play a critical role in shaping the extent and nature of microbiome alterations (6), underscoring the need for further research into the effects of chronic MP exposure and associated health risks.

References

(1) Mamun, A. A., Prasetya, T. A. E., Dewi, I. R., & Ahmad, M. (2023). Microplastics in human food chains: Food becoming a threat to health safety. The Science of the total environment, 858(Pt 1), 159834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159834
(2) Kumar, R., Manna, C., Padha, S., Verma, A., Sharma, P., Dhar, A., Ghosh, A., & Bhattacharya, P. (2022). Micro(nano)plastics pollution and human health: How plastics can induce carcinogenesis to humans?. Chemosphere, 298, 134267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134267
(3) Hirt, N., & Body-Malapel, M. (2020). Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature. Particle and fibre toxicology, 17(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-020-00387-7
(4) Senathirajah, K., Attwood, S., Bhagwat, G., Carbery, M., Wilson, S., & Palanisami, T. (2021). Estimation of the mass of microplastics ingested - A pivotal first step towards human health risk assessment. Journal of hazardous materials, 404(Pt B), 124004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124004
(5) Yamamura, R., Inoue, K. Y., Nishino, K., & Yamasaki, S. (2023). Intestinal and fecal pH in human health. Frontiers in Microbiomes, 2, 1192316.
(6) Yin, L., Yang, M., Teng, A., Ni, C., Wang, P., & Tang, S. (2025). Unraveling Microplastic Effects on Gut Microbiota across Various Animals Using Machine Learning. ACS nano, 19(1), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c07885

Event

UEG Week Berlin 2025

Topics

Gut Microbiota Colorectal

Submission format

Abstract

Session

The gut ecosystem: From pathogenesis to treatment

Citation

United European Gastroenterology Journal 2025; 13 (Supplement 8)

Published

2025

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Total neoadjuvant treatment: The way forward?

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Total neoadjuvant treatment: The way forward?

Wytze Lameris 1

Affiliations

1 Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Summary

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Abstract

Event

UEG Week Berlin 2025

Topics

Colorectal Digestive Oncology Mechanisms & Personalised Medicine

Session

Catching up with every day's practise in colorectal cancer treatment

Citation

United European Gastroenterology Journal 2025; 13 (Supplement 8)

Published

2025

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Robotic living donor hepatectomy: A novel tool to expand the donor pool

Moritz Schmelzle 1

Affiliations

1 Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

Summary

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Abstract

Event

UEG Week Berlin 2025

Topics

Hepatobiliary Surgery

Session

New developments in liver transplantation

Citation

United European Gastroenterology Journal 2025; 13 (Supplement 8)

Published

2025

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This content is part of Gutflix. Log in with your myUEG account, or create one free, to watch it.

Not sure what you can access? Learn more about account types.

Advancing IBD precision medicine: The next frontier

Bram Verstockt 1

Affiliations

1 University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders - IB, Leuven, Belgium

Summary

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Abstract

Event

UEG Week Berlin 2025

Topics

IBD Mechanisms & Personalised Medicine

Session

The art of making clinical research precise: Predicting therapy response in IBD

Citation

United European Gastroenterology Journal 2025; 13 (Supplement 8)

Published

2025

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MICROPLASTIC-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN GUT MICROBIOME AND METABOLISM: INSIGHTS FROM AN EX VIVO BIOREACTOR MODEL

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UEG Presentation

Share via Email Share on Facebook Share on X Share on LinkedIn Share on Bluesky

This content is part of Gutflix. Log in with your myUEG account, or create one free, to watch it.

Not sure what you can access? Learn more about account types.

Medical treatment

David Surendran Sanders 1

Affiliations

1 Royal Hallamshire Hospital - NHS Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield/GB, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Summary

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Abstract

Event

UEG Week Berlin 2025

Topics

Immunology Small Intestine & Nutrition

Session

Coeliac or non-coeliac enteropathy?

Citation

United European Gastroenterology Journal 2025; 13 (Supplement 8)

Published

2025

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UEG Presentation

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This content is part of Gutflix. Log in with your myUEG account, or create one free, to watch it.

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Update on hepatorenal syndrome

Raj Mookerjee 1

Affiliations

1 UCL Institute of Hepatology, University College London, UK, London, United Kingdom

Summary

AI Generated

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Abstract

Event

UEG Week Berlin 2025

Topics

Hepatobiliary

Session

What's new in complications in chronic liver disease in 2025?

Citation

United European Gastroenterology Journal 2025; 13 (Supplement 8)

Published

2025

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