Around 1 in 10 cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will present before adulthood, with the median age at presentation being 11–12 years. IBD in children and young people is associated with more extensive disease, increased disease activity and a higher rate of complications compared with adult-onset IBD. Worldwide, estimates of paediatric IBD prevalence rates are lacking, but data suggest its incidence is increasing.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a subclassification of steatotic liver disease (SLD), defined as the presence of excess triglyceride storage in the liver in conjunction with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor and no other discernible cause.1 Cirrhosis secondary to MASH is the most common cause of liver disease in the world and is the fastest-growing indication for liver transplantation, but it also has a >50% recurrence rate post-transplantation.

Diarrhoea, acute or chronic, is a common gastrointestinal symptom in healthcare. In most cases, acute diarrhoea in healthy individuals requires limited diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, except for the replacement of fluid electrolytes, and stool culture in severe occurrences. Acute diarrhoea is often self-limiting due to short-lived reactions to food intake and bacterial or viral infections. However, diarrhoea can persist and fulfil definitions of chronicity when a month or more has passed since the onset. Here we discuss some basic mistakes that should be avoided when managing unexplained non-bloody diarrhoea that persists beyond the acute setting. In this context, the term 'unexplained' refers to a patient without apparent alarm features and where initial consultations have failed at making a diagnosis. We used an evidence-based approach and included aspects predominantly based on clinical experience when appropriate.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), also called periodic disease, Armenian disease, etc., is a prototypical autoinflammatory disorder where the underlying mechanism is the dysfunction of innate immunity, resulting in unprovoked episodes of inflammation.¹ Although considered rare worldwide, it is prevalent in people of Mediterranean origin; however, one can expect to encounter patients in all parts of the modern world. FMF is a monogenic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance.² Unlike other monogenic disorders, the diagnosis remains largely clinical, and it is important to understand the limitations of genetic testing. Another distinguishing feature is the well-established effectiveness of lifelong monotherapy with colchicine in preventing attacks and complications.³

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), first introduced with omeprazole in 1988, revolutionized the treatment of gastric acid-related conditions like gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, gastroduodenal ulcers, and Helicobacter pylori infections. Despite their effectiveness, PPIs are often prescribed for conditions without a proven link to gastric acid, such as dyspepsia and upper abdominal discomfort. Long-term use of PPIs has raised safety concerns, including risks of vitamin and mineral malabsorption, pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections, and dementia. This Mistakes In article addresses nine common mistakes in PPI use and aims to clarify misconceptions about their use.

People with faecal incontinence (FI) suffer from chronic involuntary loss of bowel content. Patients often experience embarrassment, shame, low self-esteem, and depression, affecting their quality of life. Treatment approaches vary, and less invasive options should be tried before considering more invasive treatments. It's important to consider contributing factors, physician and patient preferences, and available procedures. This article discusses common mistakes in treating faecal incontinence and how to avoid them, based on evidence and clinical experience.